Evaluation of the Cost-effectiveness of Doublet Therapy in Metastatic BRAF Variant Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

This economic evaluation uses Markov modeling to identify and compare the cost and utility of doublet and standard treatments for patients with BRAF V600E variant colorectal cancer.

Key Points

Question

Is the use of doublet therapy (encorafenib and cetuximab) compared with standard chemotherapy (with cetuximab and irinotecan-based regimens) a cost-effective treatment strategy in patients with metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer?

Findings

In this economic evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of 2 treatment strategies, doublet therapy was associated with an incremental cost of $78 233, an incremental effectiveness of 0.15 quality-adjusted life years, and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $523 374 per quality-adjusted life year gained.

Meaning

Results of this study suggest that doublet therapy for metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer is unlikely to be a cost-effective treatment under current pricing.

Abstract

Importance

The BEACON trial showed that combination therapy with encorafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and cetuximab (EGFR inhibitor) was associated with prolonged overall survival compared with standard chemotherapy in patients with metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer. However, the cost-effectiveness of using these agents in this clinical setting is unknown.

Objective

To create a cost-effectiveness model to compare doublet therapy (encorafenib plus cetuximab) with standard chemotherapy (cetuximab plus irinotecan or cetuximab plus folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan) in treating patients with metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This economic evaluation constructed a Markov model to compare the lifetime cost and utility of doublet therapy and standard chemotherapy. Parametric survival modeling was used to extrapolate the effectiveness of each line of therapy from large clinical trials. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed the uncertainty in the model. Patients mirrored the cohorts in the BEACON trial: they had metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer and were followed up as they progressed through multiple lines of therapy, best supportive care, and death. Data collection and data analysis were performed from November 15, 2019, to July 14, 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which was calculated using the cumulative cost and effectiveness in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), of doublet therapy compared with standard chemotherapy.

Results

The model patient cohort had a mean age of 61 years, and 53% of the patients were women, 66% had 1 previous line of therapy, and 8% had high microsatellite instability. Doublet therapy was associated with an improvement of 0.15 QALYs compared with standard chemotherapy. However, the incremental cost of doublet therapy was $78 233, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $523 374 per QALY gained. Concomitant decreases in the price of encorafenib and cetuximab are needed to achieve cost-effectiveness at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150 000 per QALY gained.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that doublet therapy for metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer was unlikely to be cost-effective under current pricing. Cost-effectiveness needs to be considered in clinical trial design, particularly when combining new therapies with non-cost-effective treatments that are coadministered without a fixed duration.