Properties of the Exceptional ($X_{\ell}$) Laguerre and Jacobi
  Polynomials

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Abstract

We present various results on the properties of the four infinite sets of the exceptional $X_{\ell}$ polynomials discovered recently by Odake and Sasaki [{\it Phys. Lett. B} {\bf 679} (2009), 414-417; {\it Phys. Lett. B} {\bf 684} (2010), 173-176]. These $X_{\ell}$ polynomials are global solutions of second order Fuchsian differential equations with $\ell+3$ regular singularities and their confluent limits. We derive equivalent but much simpler looking forms of the $X_{\ell}$ polynomials. The other subjects discussed in detail are: factorisation of the Fuchsian differential operators, shape invariance, the forward and backward shift operations, invariant polynomial subspaces under the Fuchsian differential operators, the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalisation procedure, three term recurrence relations and the generating functions for the $X_{\ell}$ polynomials.

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Most cited references 11

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The Factorization Method

L. Infeld, T. Hull (1951)

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Supersymmetry and Quantum Mechanics

, , (2010)

In the past ten years, the ideas of supersymmetry have been profitably applied to many nonrelativistic quantum mechanical problems. In particular, there is now a much deeper understanding of why certain potentials are analytically solvable and an array of powerful new approximation methods for handling potentials which are not exactly solvable. In this report, we review the theoretical formulation of supersymmetric quantum mechanics and discuss many applications. Exactly solvable potentials can be understood in terms of a few basic ideas which include supersymmetric partner potentials, shape invariance and operator transformations. Familiar solvable potentials all have the property of shape invariance. We describe new exactly solvable shape invariant potentials which include the recently discovered self-similar potentials as a special case. The connection between inverse scattering, isospectral potentials and supersymmetric quantum mechanics is discussed and multi-soliton solutions of the KdV equation are constructed. Approximation methods are also discussed within the framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics and in particular it is shown that a supersymmetry inspired WKB approximation is exact for a class of shape invariant potentials. Supersymmetry ideas give particularly nice results for the tunneling rate in a double well potential and for improving large $N$ expansions. We also discuss the problem of a charged Dirac particle in an external magnetic field and other potentials in terms of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Finally, we discuss structures more general than supersymmetric quantum mechanics such as parasupersymmetric quantum mechanics in which there is a symmetry between a boson and a para-fermion of order $p$.

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Infinitely many shape invariant potentials and new orthogonal polynomials

Satoru Odake, Ryu Sasaki (2009)

Three sets of exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum mechanical potentials are presented. These are shape invariant potentials obtained by deforming the radial oscillator and the trigonometric/hyperbolic P\"oschl-Teller potentials in terms of their degree \ell polynomial eigenfunctions. We present the entire eigenfunctions for these Hamiltonians (\ell=1,2,...) in terms of new orthogonal polynomials. Two recently reported shape invariant potentials of Quesne and G\'omez-Ullate et al's are the first members of these infinitely many potentials.