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      Phenotypic parameters of macromineral and phenolic compound concentrations and selection of Andean bean lines with nutritional and functional properties Translated title: Parâmetros fenotípicos da concentração de macrominerais e compostos fenólicos e seleção de linhagens de feijão Andino com propriedades nutricionais e funcionais

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The development of Andean common bean lines that contain high macromineral concentration and a phenolic compound concentration that meets the consumer’s dietary requirements is unprecedented in the literature. The objectives of this study were to obtain estimates of phenotypic parameters for the macromineral and phenolic compound concentrations in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Andean beans and to select lines with nutritional and functional properties. The RIL was obtained from a cross between cultivars Hooter and Cal 96. The lines in the F5:6 and F5:7 generations and the cultivars were evaluated in two consecutive experiments in the same experimental area. The concentrations of potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) were determined by acid digestion, whereas the phenolic compound concentration was obtained by the Follin-Ciocalteu method. A significant genotype effect was observed for all traits evaluated in the F5:6 and F5:7 generations. Intermediate-to-high heritability estimates (h2: 43.15 to 98.85%) were obtained for the concentrations of K, P, Mg, Ca and phenolic compounds. These traits exhibited transgressive segregation and quantitative inheritance in the RIL population of Andean beans. Lines DFA 34-18 and DFA 46-18 have high K and P concentrations and low phenolic compound concentration and will be selected by the human nutrition. Lines DFA 04-18 and DFA 05-18 and cultivars Pérola, IPR Siriri, IAC Imperador, and IPR Tangará showed high concentrations of two or more macrominerals and phenolic compounds; therefore, they have nutritional and functional properties and will be selected by the breeding program.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O desenvolvimento de linhagens de feijão Andino com alta concentração de macrominerais e com concentração de compostos fenólicos que atenda às necessidades da dieta do consumidor é inédito na literatura. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram obter estimativas de parâmetros fenotípicos para a concentração de macrominerais e compostos fenólicos em uma população de linhagens recombinantes (LR) de feijão Andino e selecionar linhagens com propriedades nutricionais e funcionais. As LR foram obtidas a partir do cruzamento entre as cultivares Hooter e Cal 96. As linhagens em geração F5:6 e F5:7 e as cultivares foram avaliadas em dois experimentos consecutivos na mesma área experimental. A concentração de K, P, Mg and Ca foi determinada por digestão ácida e a concentração de compostos fenólicos foi obtida pelo método de Follin-Ciocalteu. Efeito significativo para genótipo foi observado para todos os caracteres avaliados nas gerações F5:6 e F5:7. Herdabilidade de intermediaria a alta magnitude (h2: 43,15 a 98,85%) foi verificada para a concentração de K, P, Mg, Ca e compostos fenólicos. Esses caracteres apresentaram segregação transgressiva e herança quantitativa na população de LR de feijão Andino. As linhagens DFA 34-18 e DFA 46-18 possuem alta concentração de K e P e baixa concentração de compostos fenólicos e serão selecionadas para a nutrição humana. As linhagens DFA 04-18 e DFA 05-18 e as cultivares Pérola, IPR Siriri, IAC Imperador e IPR Tangará apresentam alta concentração de dois ou mais macrominerais e de compostos fenólicos, portanto têm propriedades nutricionais e funcionais e serão selecionadas pelo programa de melhoramento.

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          Magnesium and Human Health: Perspectives and Research Directions

          Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the body. It has several functions in the human body including its role as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions. Several studies have shown that hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte derangement in clinical setting especially in patients admitted to intensive care unit where it has been found to be associated with increase mortality and hospital stay. Hypomagnesemia can be caused by a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. It can also be a side effect of several medications. Many studies have reported that reduced levels of magnesium are associated with a wide range of chronic diseases. Magnesium can play important therapeutic and preventive role in several conditions such as diabetes, osteoporosis, bronchial asthma, preeclampsia, migraine, and cardiovascular diseases. This review is aimed at comprehensively collating the current available published evidence and clinical correlates of magnesium disorders.
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            Comparative study on antioxidant activity of different varieties of commonly consumed legumes in India.

            Legumes are rich source of proteins, dietary fiber, micronutrients and bioactive phytochemicals. Thirty different varieties of commonly consumed legumes in India, were screened for phenolic content and antioxidant activity using, radical scavenging [(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH·) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, (ABTS·⁺], Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and metal ion (Fe²⁺) chelation assays. Legumes varied largely in their antioxidant activity. Horse gram, common beans, cowpea (brown and red) and fenugreek showed high DPPH· radical scavenging activity (>400 units/g), while lablab bean (cream and white), chickpea (cream and green), butter bean and pea (white and green) showed low antioxidant activity ( 0.95) with phenolic contents, in DPPH·, ABTS·⁺ and FRAP assays, whereas poor correlation (r²=0.297) was observed between Fe²⁺ chelating activity of the legumes and phenolic contents.
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              The role of dietary potassium in hypertension and diabetes.

              Potassium is an essential mineral which plays major roles for the resting membrane potential and the intracellular osmolarity. In addition, for several years, it has been known that potassium also affects endothelial and vascular smooth muscle functions and it has been repeatedly shown that an increase in potassium intake shifts blood pressure to a more preferable level. Meanwhile, the blood pressure lowering effects of potassium were presented in several intervention trials and summarized in a handful of meta-analyses. Furthermore, accumulating epidemiological evidence from, especially, the last decade relates low dietary potassium intake or serum potassium levels to an increased risk for insulin resistance or diabetes. However, intervention trials are required to confirm this association. So, in addition to reduction of sodium intake, increasing dietary potassium intake may positively affect blood pressure and possibly also glucose metabolism in many populations. This concise review not only summarizes the studies linking potassium to blood pressure and diabetes but also discusses potential mechanisms involved, like vascular smooth muscle relaxation and endothelium-dependent vasodilation or stimulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, respectively.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cagro
                Ciência e Agrotecnologia
                Ciênc. agrotec.
                Editora da Universidade Federal de Lavras (Lavras, MG, Brazil )
                1413-7054
                1981-1829
                2020
                : 44
                : e000320
                Affiliations
                [1] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria orgdiv1Departamento de Fitotecnia Brazil
                Article
                S1413-70542020000100210 S1413-7054(20)04400000210
                10.1590/1413-7054202044000320
                d57f3bbd-7eab-470a-84ce-3fe70585dda9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 April 2020
                : 07 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Agricultural Sciences

                heritability,Phaseolus vulgaris,herdabilidade,padrão de herança,índice de seleção.,selection index.,inheritance pattern

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