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      Diez años del caracol gigante africano en Colombia: Revisión de la investigación y divulgación desarrollada entre 2008-2017 Translated title: Ten years of the African giant snail in Colombia: Review of the research and dissemination carried out between 2008-2017

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          Abstract

          La presencia del caracol gigante africano (Achatina fulica) como especie exótica en Colombia desde 2008 ha impulsado alertas sociales, acciones de control y esfuerzos de investigación sobre diferentes aspectos de la historia natural bajo las condiciones ambientales del territorio nacional. Con el propósito de consolidar el conocimiento generado y divulgado acerca del caracol gigante africano en Colombia durante los 10 años de presencia, se buscó información en las principales bases de datos científicas y públicas a nivel nacional e internacional. Esta información se filtró según la fuente, el año, la zona y el tema, y se analizó la variación temporal de los reportes de presencia y control. La mayor parte de la información disponible proviene de los medios de comunicación. Se establecieron los años 2014 y 2016 como los de mayor divulgación, predominando temas de manejo y control, seguidos por los registros de presencia. De acuerdo con la cronología de la información consolidada se soporta la hipótesis de la entrada del molusco al país. Se encontró una relación entre la frecuencia de los registros de presencia con procesos climáticos de escala interanual (e.g., ENOS) e intra-anual (e.g., variación estacional asociado a la dinámica temporal de la zona de convergencia intertropical). Además, se detectó que aunque se le dio una prioridad mayor a las estrategias de control mediado por la comunidad, no se generó aún suficiente conocimiento científico sobre las características biológicas y ecológicas de la especie, en relación con las condiciones ambientales del país.

          Translated abstract

          The presence of the Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica) as an exotic species in Colombia since 2008 has promoted social alerts, control actions and research efforts on different aspects of natural history under the environmental conditions of the national territory. With the purpose of consolidating the knowledge that has been generated and disseminated on the Giant African Snail in Colombia during the 10 years of presence, information was sought in the main scientific and public databases at national and international level. This information was filtered according to the source, the year, the area and the subject, analyzing the temporal variation of the presence and control reports. This information comes from the media, establishing 2014 and 2016 as the years of greatest disclosure and predominant management and control issues, followed by presence records. According to the chronology of the consolidated information, the hypothesis of the entry of mollusk into the country is supported. A relationship was found between the frequency of presence records with interannual (e.g., ENSO) and intra-annual climatic processes (e.g., seasonal variation associated with the temporal dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone). In addition, it was found that although community-mediated control strategies have been given a higher priority, scientific knowledge on the adjustment of the biological and ecological characteristics of the species to the environmental conditions of the country has not been generated.

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          La Hidroclimatología de Colombia:: Una síntesis desde la escala inter-decadal hasta la escala diurna.

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            Restricted Genetic Variation in Populations of Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica outside of East Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands Points to the Indian Ocean Islands as the Earliest Known Common Source

            The Giant African Land Snail, Achatina ( = Lissachatina) fulica Bowdich, 1822, is a tropical crop pest species with a widespread distribution across East Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the Pacific, the Caribbean, and North and South America. Its current distribution is attributed primarily to the introduction of the snail to new areas by Man within the last 200 years. This study determined the extent of genetic diversity in global A. fulica populations using the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. A total of 560 individuals were evaluated from 39 global populations obtained from 26 territories. Results reveal 18 distinct A. fulica haplotypes; 14 are found in East Africa and the Indian Ocean islands, but only two haplotypes from the Indian Ocean islands emerged from this region, the C haplotype, now distributed across the tropics, and the D haplotype in Ecuador and Bolivia. Haplotype E from the Philippines, F from New Caledonia and Barbados, O from India and Q from Ecuador are variants of the emergent C haplotype. For the non-native populations, the lack of genetic variation points to founder effects due to the lack of multiple introductions from the native range. Our current data could only point with certainty to the Indian Ocean islands as the earliest known common source of A. fulica across the globe, which necessitates further sampling in East Africa to determine the source populations of the emergent haplotypes.
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              Global Decline in Suitable Habitat for Angiostrongylus ( = Parastrongylus) cantonensis: The Role of Climate Change

              Climate change is implicated in the alteration of the ranges of species worldwide. Such shifts in species distributions may introduce parasites/pathogens, hosts, and vectors associated with disease to new areas. The parasite Angiostrongylus ( = Parastrongylus) cantonensis is an invasive species that causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans and neurological abnormalities in domestic/wild animals. Although native to southeastern Asia, A. cantonensis has now been reported from more than 30 countries worldwide. Given the health risks, it is important to describe areas with potentially favorable climate for the establishment of A. cantonensis, as well as areas where this pathogen might become established in the future. We used the program Maxent to develop an ecological niche model for A. cantonensis based on 86 localities obtained from published literature. We then modeled areas of potential A. cantonensis distribution as well as areas projected to have suitable climatic conditions under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios by the 2050s and the 2070s. The best model contained three bioclimatic variables: mean diurnal temperature range, minimum temperature of coldest month and precipitation of warmest quarter. Potentially suitable habitat for A. cantonensis was located worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. Under all climate change RCP scenarios, the center of the projected distribution shifted away from the equator at a rate of 68–152 km per decade. However, the extent of areas with highly suitable habitat (>50%) declined by 10.66–15.66% by the 2050s and 13.11–16.11% by the 2070s. These results conflict with previous studies, which have generally found that the prevalence of tropical pathogens will increase during the 21st century. Moreover, it is likely that A. cantonensis will continue to expand its current range in the near future due to introductions and host expansion, whereas climate change will reduce the total geographic area of most suitable climatic conditions during the coming decades.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ecoaus
                Ecología austral
                Ecol. austral
                Asociación Argentina de Ecología (Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina )
                1667-782X
                April 2020
                : 30
                : 1
                : 125-133
                Affiliations
                [02] Brasilia orgnameUniversidade de Brasilia orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecología Brasil
                [01] Cali orgnameUniversidad del Valle orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología Colombia
                Article
                S1667-782X2020000100008 S1667-782X(20)03000100008
                d9022b7e-102f-4a88-8d49-0f2dd609ac33

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 December 2019
                : 04 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Artículo original

                Control strategies,Achatina fulica,Invasión biológica,Estrategias de control,Biological invasion

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