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      Prevalence trends of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mexico City’s General Hospital experience

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          Abstract

          Objective: Recent reports suggest an increase in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequency. To improve programs in public health, it is necessary to understand the epidemiological conditions. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in gender, age, anatomic zone and OSCC stage from Mexico City’s General Hospital patients from 1990 to 2008. Study design: A retrospective review of all OSCC cases diagnosed by the Pathology Department of the Mexico City General Hospital was performed. Demographic data, in addition to anatomic zone and histological degree of differentiation were obtained. Central tendency, dispersion and prevalence rate per 100,000 individuals were determined. Results: A total of 531 patients were diagnosed with OSCC; 58.4% were men, giving a male:female ratio of 1.4:1, and the mean age was 62.5 ± 14.9 years. The predominant anatomic zone was the tongue (44.7%), followed by the lips (21.2%) and gums (20.5%). The most frequent histological degree was moderately differentiated in 325 cases (61.2%). The rates of OSCC prevalence showed similar patterns in terms across time. A significant correlation (P = 0.007) between anatomic zone and age was observed. Conclusion: According to our results, the prevalence of OSCC does not show important variations; however, a relationship between age and anatomic zone was observed. These data could be used as parameters for the diagnosis of OSCC as well as for the development and dissemination of preventive programs for the early detection of oral cancer.

          Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma, prevalence, histology degree and anatomic zone.

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          Oral cancer: clinical features.

          José Vicente Bagán, Gracia Sarrión, Yolanda Jiménez (2010)
          Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a well-known malignancy that accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. In this article we will perform a brief review of its clinical characteristics and the differential diagnosis. Regarding symptoms, pain is the most frequent presentation and the tongue and the floor of the mouth have the highest occurrence. OSCC in its initial stages shows an erytholeukoplastic area without symptoms but in advanced stages there are ulcers and lumps with irregular margins which are rigid to touch. The different diagnosis should be established with other oral malignant diseases such as lymphomas, sarcomas and metastasis, which have rapid growth rates as opposed to the typical OSCC. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Tongue and tonsil carcinoma: increasing trends in the U.S. population ages 20-44 years.

            Caroline H. Shiboski, Brian L. Schmidt, Richard C K Jordan (2005)
            An increasing incidence of oral carcinoma among young adults has been reported in the U.S. and Europe. Although the association between human papillomavirus infection and tonsillar carcinoma is now well established, to the authors' knowledge little is known about incidence trends in tonsillar carcinoma among younger adults. The objective of the current study was to explore the trends in both oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in younger U.S. populations, in particular tongue and tonsillar SCC. Using the 1973-2001 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we computed age, race, and site-specific trends of oral and pharyngeal (excluding nasopharynx) carcinoma incidence rates. The percent change (PC) and annual percent change (APC) were computed to explore trends in incidence rates over time. There were 2262 SCC of the oral cavity and 1251 SCC of the pharynx reported to the SEER program from 1973 to 2001 in adults aged 20-44 years. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of oral tongue SCC (APC = +2.1; P < 0.001), base of tongue SCC (APC = +1.7; P = 0.04), and palatine tonsil SCC (APC = +3.9; P < 0.001) among younger white individuals, whereas the incidence of SCC in all other oral and pharyngeal sites decreased or remained constant. The increase in tonsil SCC incidence from 1973 to 2001 paralleled the increase in tongue SCC, whereas SCC in all other oral and pharyngeal sites remained constant or decreased. This may suggest similar etiologic factors for SCC affecting the palatine tonsils and tongue in younger populations. (c) 2005 American Cancer Society.
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              Oral leukoplakia and malignant transformation. A follow-up study of 257 patients.

              Adrian F Lozada, M Gorsky, S. Silverman (1984)
              Two hundred fifty-seven patients with oral leukoplakia were studied and followed for an average period of 7.2 years. All lesions were more than one cm in size and had been present and observed for a minimum of 6 months. Of the initial biopsies, 235 revealed a benign hyperkeratosis and 22 others contained some degree of epithelial dysplasia. Seventy-three percent of the patients used tobacco, with cigarette usage being the predominant form. Forty-five patients (17.5%) subsequently developed squamous carcinomas in the hyperkeratotic epithelial site in an average time of 8.1 years. Eight of these malignant transformations came from patients who originally had epithelial dysplasia. High risks for malignant transformation also included non-smoking patients, the clinical presence of erythroplasia (erythroleukoplakia), and a clinical verrucous-papillary hyperkeratotic pattern. Duration of the leukoplakia progressively increased the total number of malignant transformations, with the largest rate occurring in the second year. This study confirms that oral leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion and that certain characteristics indicate greater risks and warrant consideration of more aggressive management.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Medicina Oral S.L.
                Title: Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal
                Publisher: Medicina Oral S.L.
                ISSN (Print): 1698-4447
                ISSN (Electronic): 1698-6946
                Publication date (Print): March 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 5 February 2013
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 2
                Pages: e306-e311
                Affiliations
                [1 ]DDS, MSc, PhD, Immunology Laboratory, Postgraduate and Research Division, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, D.F., MEXICO
                [2 ]DDS, PhD, Immunology Laboratory, Postgraduate and Research Division, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, D.F., MEXICO
                [3 ]DDS, Immunology Laboratory, Postgraduate and Research Division, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, D.F., MEXICO
                [4 ]DDS, Maxilofacial Surgery Department, Dental School, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, D.F., MEXICO
                [5 ]MD, Pathology Departament, Mexico City’s General Hospital, SSA, Mexico, D.F., MEXICO
                Author notes
                Departamento de Patología Hospital General de México SSA, México, D.F. Dr. Balmis No 148 Col. Doctores, Cuauhtémoc 06726 , E-mail: avissai@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 18043
                DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18043
                PMC ID: 3613885
                PubMed ID: 23385493
                SO-VID: d94e442b-8ade-4ea9-a3a2-6de5d0aee739
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2013 Medicina Oral S.L.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date accepted : 25 August 2012
                Date received : 31 October 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Research-Article
                Subject: Community and Preventive Dentistry

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Surgery
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Surgery

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