For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
33
views
73
references
 Top references
cited by
39
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      360
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Human cytomegalovirus UL141 promotes efficient downregulation of the natural killer cell activating ligand CD112

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL141 induces protection against natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis by downregulating cell surface expression of CD155 (nectin-like molecule 5; poliovirus receptor), a ligand for the activating receptor DNAM-1 (CD226). However, DNAM-1 is also recognized to bind a second ligand, CD112 (nectin-2). We now show that HCMV targets CD112 for proteasome-mediated degradation by 48 h post-infection, thus removing both activating ligands for DNAM-1 from the cell surface during productive infection. Significantly, cell surface expression of both CD112 and CD155 was restored when UL141 was deleted from the HCMV genome. While gpUL141 alone is sufficient to mediate retention of CD155 in the endoplasmic reticulum, UL141 requires assistance from additional HCMV-encoded functions to suppress expression of CD112.

          Related collections

          Most cited references73

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs

          Anders Johansen, Jeffrey S. Oishi, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low … (2007)
          The initial stages of planet formation in circumstellar gas discs proceed via dust grains that collide and build up larger and larger bodies (Safronov 1969). How this process continues from metre-sized boulders to kilometre-scale planetesimals is a major unsolved problem (Dominik et al. 2007): boulders stick together poorly (Benz 2000), and spiral into the protostar in a few hundred orbits due to a head wind from the slower rotating gas (Weidenschilling 1977). Gravitational collapse of the solid component has been suggested to overcome this barrier (Safronov 1969, Goldreich & Ward 1973, Youdin & Shu 2002). Even low levels of turbulence, however, inhibit sedimentation of solids to a sufficiently dense midplane layer (Weidenschilling & Cuzzi 1993, Dominik et al. 2007), but turbulence must be present to explain observed gas accretion in protostellar discs (Hartmann 1998). Here we report the discovery of efficient gravitational collapse of boulders in locally overdense regions in the midplane. The boulders concentrate initially in transient high pressures in the turbulent gas (Johansen, Klahr, & Henning 2006), and these concentrations are augmented a further order of magnitude by a streaming instability (Youdin & Goodman 2005, Johansen, Henning, & Klahr 2006, Johansen & Youdin 2007) driven by the relative flow of gas and solids. We find that gravitationally bound clusters form with masses comparable to dwarf planets and containing a distribution of boulder sizes. Gravitational collapse happens much faster than radial drift, offering a possible path to planetesimal formation in accreting circumstellar discs.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2503 times – based on 0 reviews
          Preprint
               Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            The Dicke Quantum Phase Transition with a Superfluid Gas in an Optical Cavity

            Ferdinand Brennecke, Tilman Esslinger, Christine Guerlin … (2009)
            A phase transition describes the sudden change of state in a physical system, such as the transition between a fluid and a solid. Quantum gases provide the opportunity to establish a direct link between experiment and generic models which capture the underlying physics. A fundamental concept to describe the collective matter-light interaction is the Dicke model which has been predicted to show an intriguing quantum phase transition. Here we realize the Dicke quantum phase transition in an open system formed by a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, and observe the emergence of a self-organized supersolid phase. The phase transition is driven by infinitely long-ranged interactions between the condensed atoms. These are induced by two-photon processes involving the cavity mode and a pump field. We show that the phase transition is described by the Dicke Hamiltonian, including counter-rotating coupling terms, and that the supersolid phase is associated with a spontaneously broken spatial symmetry. The boundary of the phase transition is mapped out in quantitative agreement with the Dicke model. The work opens the field of quantum gases with long-ranged interactions, and provides access to novel quantum phases.
            Article 0 comments Cited 1675 times – based on 0 reviews
            Preprint
                 Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Up on the tightrope: natural killer cell activation and inhibition.

              Lewis L Lanier (2008)
              Natural killer (NK) cells circulate through the blood, lymphatics and tissues, on patrol for the presence of transformed or pathogen-infected cells. As almost all NK cell receptors bind to host-encoded ligands, signals are constantly being transmitted into NK cells, whether they interact with normal or abnormal cells. The sophisticated repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors that has evolved to regulate NK cell activity ensures that NK cells protect hosts against pathogens, yet prevents deleterious NK cell-driven autoimmune responses. Here I highlight recent advances in our understanding of the structural properties and signaling pathways of the inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors, with a particular focus on the ITAM-dependent activating receptors, the NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes and the CD244 receptor system.
              Article 0 comments Cited 535 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Gen Virol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): vir
                Title: The Journal of General Virology
                Publisher: Society for General Microbiology
                ISSN (Print): 0022-1317
                ISSN (Electronic): 1465-2099
                Publication date (Print): August 2010
                Publication date PMC-release: August 2010
                Volume: 91
                Issue: Pt 8
                Pages: 2034-2039
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, Section of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
                [2 ]Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Gavin W. G. Wilkinson: WilkinsonGW1@ 123456cardiff.ac.uk

                †These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                Publisher ID: 2034
                DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.021931-0
                PMC ID: 3052539
                PubMed ID: 20410314
                SO-VID: d9d3df14-62e2-46c0-b094-3cd19055bf22
                Copyright © Copyright © 2010, SGM
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 12 March 2010
                Date accepted : 16 April 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Animal

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content360

                See all similar

                Cited by39

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors2,108

                See all reference authors