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      Adaptation of the Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale to Turkish: Reliability and Validity Study

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          Abstract

          Background:

          The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale. Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale was developed by Sockol et al to evaluate cognitive distortions and attitudes toward motherhood during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

          Methods:

          The sample of this study consisted of 223 pregnant women and 138 postpartum women. A Sociodemographic Data Form, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale were used to collect data from the participants.

          Results:

          Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.868 for the entire sample, 0.877 during pregnancy, and 0.828 for the postpartum period. Factor analysis revealed that the 3-factor structure explained 68.93% of the variance. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.901 for the test–retest correlation analysis after 3 weeks ( P < .001). There was a positive correlation between Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

          Conclusion:

          The results of this study revealed that the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale were satisfactory.

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          Most cited references37

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          Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

          Li‐tze Hu, Peter M. Bentler (1999)
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            Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Incidence

            Norma I Gavin, Bradley Gaynes, Kathleen N. Lohr … (2005)
            We systematically review evidence on the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression and compare these rates with those of depression in women at non-childbearing times. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sociofile for English-language articles published from 1980 through March 2004, conducted hand searches of bibliographies, and consulted with experts. We included cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies from developed countries that assessed women for depression during pregnancy or the first year postpartum with a structured clinical interview. Of the 109 articles reviewed, 28 met our inclusion criteria. For major and minor depression (major depression alone), the combined point prevalence estimates from meta-analyses ranged from 6.5% to 12.9% (1.0-5.6%) at different trimesters of pregnancy and months in the first postpartum year. The combined period prevalence shows that as many as 19.2% (7.1%) of women have a depressive episode (major depressive episode) during the first 3 months postpartum; most of these episodes have onset following delivery. All estimates have wide 95% confidence intervals, showing significant uncertainty in their true levels. No conclusions could be made regarding the relative incidence of depression among pregnant and postpartum women compared with women at non-childbearing times. To better delineate periods of peak prevalence and incidence for perinatal depression and identify high risk subpopulations, we need studies with larger and more representative samples.
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              A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction.

              Nancy Grote, Jeffrey A Bridge, Amelia Gavin … (2010)
              Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy have been reported in some, but not all, studies to be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). To estimate the risk of PTB, LBW, and IUGR associated with antenatal depression. We searched for English-language and non-English-language articles via the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Social Work Abstracts, Social Services Abstracts, and Dissertation Abstracts International databases (January 1980 through December 2009). We aimed to include prospective studies reporting data on antenatal depression and at least 1 adverse birth outcome: PTB (<37 weeks' gestation), LBW (<2500 g), or IUGR (<10th percentile for gestational age). Of 862 reviewed studies, 29 US-published and non-US-published studies met the selection criteria. Information was extracted on study characteristics, antenatal depression measurement, and other biopsychosocial risk factors and was reviewed twice to minimize error. Pooled relative risks (RRs) for the effect of antenatal depression on each birth outcome were calculated using random-effects methods. In studies of PTB, LBW, and IUGR that used a categorical depression measure, pooled effect sizes were significantly larger (pooled RR [95% confidence interval] = 1.39 [1.19-1.61], 1.49 [1.25-1.77], and 1.45 [1.05-2.02], respectively) compared with studies that used a continuous depression measure (1.03 [1.00-1.06], 1.04 [0.99-1.09], and 1.02 [1.00-1.04], respectively). The estimates of risk for categorically defined antenatal depression and PTB and LBW remained significant when the trim-and-fill procedure was used to correct for publication bias. The risk of LBW associated with antenatal depression was significantly larger in developing countries (RR = 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-2.93) compared with the United States (RR = 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.21) or European social democracies (RR = 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.47). Categorically defined antenatal depression tended to be associated with an increased risk of PTB among women of lower socioeconomic status in the United States. Women with depression during pregnancy are at increased risk for PTB and LBW, although the magnitude of the effect varies as a function of depression measurement, country location, and US socioeconomic status. An important implication of these findings is that antenatal depression should be identified through universal screening and treated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol
                Title: Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology
                Publisher: Mesut Çetin
                ISSN (Electronic): 2475-0581
                Publication date Collection: September 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 September 2023
                Volume: 33
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 177-186
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychiatry , Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry , Altınbaş University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
                [3 ]Department of Child Health and Diseases , Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Kumru Şenyasar Meterelliyoz, e-mail: kumrusenyasar@ 123456gmail.com

                Cite this article as: Şenyasar Meterelliyoz K, Yazar MS, Çobanoğlu Saf P, Saf C. Adaptation of the attitudes toward motherhood scale to Turkish: Reliability and validity study. Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2023; 33(3): 177-186.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-7531
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3452-545X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7212-6150
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-7637
                Article
                Publisher ID: pcp-33-3-177
                DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2023.22571
                PMC ID: 11082573
                SO-VID: da7645dc-6966-4a69-9712-432fe9f93648
                Copyright © 2023 authors
                License:

                Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 24 November 2022
                Date accepted : 15 May 2023
                Funding
                The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Data availability:

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