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      User-Friendly Vendor-Specific Guideline for Pediatric Cardiothoracic Computed Tomography Provided by the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging Congenital Heart Disease Study Group: Part 1. Imaging Techniques

      Author(s): , MD, PhD 1 , , MD, PhD , 2 , , MD, PhD 3 , , MD, PhD 4 , , MD, PhD 5 , Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging Congenital Heart Disease Study Group

      Publication date (Electronic):

      Journal: Korean Journal of Radiology

      Publisher: The Korean Society of Radiology

      Keywords: Child, Congenital heart disease, Computed tomography, Guideline, CT protocols, Patient preparation, CT scan techniques, Radiation dose optimization, Intravenous injection protocols, Post-processing

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          Abstract

          Optimal performance of pediatric cardiothoracic computed tomography (CT) is technically challenging and may need different approaches for different types of CT scanners. To meet the technical demands and improve clinical standards, a practical, user-friendly, and vendor-specific guideline for pediatric cardiothoracic CT needs to be developed for children with congenital heart disease (CHD). In this article, we have attempted to describe such guideline based on the consensus of experts in the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging CHD Study Group. This first part describes the imaging techniques of pediatric cardiothoracic CT, and it includes recommendations for patient preparation, scan techniques, radiation dose, intravenous injection protocol, post-processing, and vendor-specific protocols.

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          Feasibility of low-dose coronary CT angiography: first experience with prospective ECG-gating.

           Valerie Treyer,  Patrick Veit-Haibach,  Olivier Adda … (2007)
          To determine the feasibility of prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gating to achieve low-dose computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA). Forty-one consecutive patients with suspected (n = 35) or known coronary artery disease (n = 6) underwent 64-slice CTCA using prospective ECG-gating. Individual radiation dose exposure was estimated from the dose-length product. Two independent readers semi-quantitatively assessed the overall image quality on a five-point scale and measured vessel attenuation in each coronary segment. One patient was excluded for atrial fibrillation. Mean effective radiation dose was 2.1 +/- 0.6 mSv (range, 1.1-3.0 mSv). Image quality was inversely related to heart rate (HR) (57.3 +/- 6.2, range 39-66 b.p.m.; r = 0.58, P 63 b.p.m. (P < 0.001). This first experience documents the feasibility of prospective ECG-gating for CTCA with diagnostic image quality at a low radiation dose (1.1-3.0 mSv), favouring HR <63 b.p.m.
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            CT Radiation Dose Optimization and Estimation: an Update for Radiologists

             Hyun Goo (2011)
            In keeping with the increasing utilization of CT examinations, the greater concern about radiation hazards from examinations has been addressed. In this regard, CT radiation dose optimization has been given a great deal of attention by radiologists, referring physicians, technologists, and physicists. Dose-saving strategies are continuously evolving in terms of imaging techniques as well as dose management. Consequently, regular updates of this issue are necessary especially for radiologists who play a pivotal role in this activity. This review article will provide an update on how we can optimize CT dose in order to maximize the benefit-to-risk ratio of this clinically useful diagnostic imaging method.
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              Noninvasive coronary angiography by retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT.

               W Bautz,  W Kalender,  D Ropers … (2000)
              We investigated the applicability and image quality of contrast-enhanced coronary artery visualization by multislice spiral CT using retrospective ECG gating. Twenty-five patients in sinus rhythm (significant coronary artery stenoses ruled out by invasive angiography) were studied with a multislice spiral CT (Siemens SOMATOM Volume Zoom). In inspiration (mean breath-hold, 37 seconds), a volume data set of the heart was acquired (intravenous contrast agent; 4 x 1-mm slice thickness; 500-ms rotation; table feed, 1.5 mm/360 degrees ). Simultaneous recording of the ECG permitted retrospective reconstruction of contiguous cross sections in intervals of 1 mm at any desired interval of the cardiac cycle. The mean duration of the image reconstruction window was 185 ms. Next to 3-dimensional reconstructions of the heart and coronary arteries, multiplanar reconstructions were rendered to determine the visualized length of the coronary arteries, the contrast-to-noise ratio, and the correlation of coronary artery diameters to quantitative coronary angiography. The coronary arteries could be visualized over long segments (left main, 9+/-4 mm; left anterior descending, 112+/-34 mm; left circumflex, 80+/-29 mm; right coronary artery, 116+/-33 mm). On average, 78+/-16% of these distances were visualized free of motion artifacts. The mean contrast-to-noise ratio was 9.3+/-3.3. Coronary artery diameters in multislice spiral CT showed close correlation to quantitative coronary angiography (CT, 3.3+/-1.0 mm; angiography, 3. 2+/-0.9 mm; mean difference, 0.38 mm; r=0.86). Contrast-enhanced multislice spiral CT permits visualization of the coronary artery lumen. Further studies are necessary to determine whether image quality is sufficient to reliably detect coronary artery stenoses.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Korean J Radiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Korean J Radiol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): KJR
                Title: Korean Journal of Radiology
                Publisher: The Korean Society of Radiology
                ISSN (Print): 1229-6929
                ISSN (Electronic): 2005-8330
                Publication date (Print): February 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 December 2018
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 190-204
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Radiology, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
                [2 ]Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
                [3 ]Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
                [4 ]Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
                [5 ]Congenital Heart Disease Study Group Member of the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging, Taiwan.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Hyun Woo Goo, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea. Tel: (822) 3010-4388, Fax: (822) 476-0090, ghw68@ 123456hanmail.net
                Article
                DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.0571
                PMC ID: 6342752
                PubMed ID: 30672159
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Radiology
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                Categories
                Subject: Cardiovascular Imaging
                Subject: Review Article

                Data availability:

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Radiology & Imaging

                Keywords: child, congenital heart disease, computed tomography, guideline, ct protocols, patient preparation, ct scan techniques, post-processing, radiation dose optimization, intravenous injection protocols

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