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      Efecto del cadmio sobre la mortalidad de adultos de Polydora sp. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) en el laboratorio Translated title: Effect of cadmium on adult mortality of Polydora sp. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) under laboratory conditions

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Diversos estudios han demostrado el efecto del Cd sobre la mortalidad y otras respuestas fisiológicas de diversas especies de poliquetos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto tóxico del Cd en la mortalidad de adultos de Polydora sp. como especie prueba para estudios ecotoxicológicos. Métodos: Los especímenes fueron recolectados en el humedal costero Poza de la Arenilla, Callao, Peru. Los organismos fueron aclimatados durante dos semanas con agua de mar y sedimento y posteriormente, tres días en agua de mar, con 30 ‰ de salinidad y temperatura entre 20 a 22 °C. Los organismos se expusieron a las concentraciones nominales 75, 11.25, 1.69, 0.25; 0.04 mg/L de Cd y un control. Se analizaron tres réplicas de diez individuos por tratamiento durante 72 horas para registrar mortalidad. Se aplicaron las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y de U-Man Whitney para detectar las diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Resultados: El efecto adverso del Cd sobre la mortalidad fue mucho más evidente en los tratamientos de 11.25 y 75 mg/L a partir de las primeras 24 horas de exposición. La concentración letal media de Cd a 72h fue de 2.59 mg/L. Conclusiones: La CL50 está en el mismo orden de magnitud de otras especies de poliquetos. Este es el primer estudio ecotoxicológico en Perú con poliquetos en condiciones de laboratorio. Se sugiere la utilización de Polydora sp. como especie prueba en experimentos de ecotoxicología, utilizando concentraciones nominales subletales de Cd que no superen los 1.6 mg/L para la observación de varias respuestas fisiológicas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated the effect of Cd on mortality and other physiological responses of some polychaete species. Objective: To evaluate the toxic effect of Cd on adults mortality of Polydora sp as a test species for ecotoxicological studies. Methods: The specimens were collected in the coastal wetland of Poza de la Arenilla, Callao, Peru. The organisms were acclimatized for two weeks with seawater and sediment and then, three days in seawater, with 30 ‰ of salinity and temperature between 20 to 22 °C. The organisms were exposed to the nominal concentrations 75, 11.25, 1.69, 0.25; 0.04 mg/L of Cd and a control. Three replicates of ten individuals per treatment were analyzed for 72 hours to register mortality. The Kruskal-Wallis and U-Man Whitney tests were applied to detect significant differences among treatments. Results: The adverse effect of Cd on mortality was much more evident in the treatments of 11.25 and 75 mg/L after the first 24 hours of exposure. The mean lethal concentration of Cd at 72h was 2.59 mg/L. Conclusions: The LC50 is in the same order of magnitude as other polychaete species. This is the first ecotoxicological study in Peru using polychaetes under laboratory conditions. It is suggested the use of Polydora sp as a test species in ecotoxicology experiments, using nominal sublethal concentrations of Cd not exceeding 1.6 mg/L. for the observation of several physiological responses.

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          The use of polychaetes (Annelida) as indicator species of marine pollution: a review

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            Ecotoxicological problems associated with contaminated sites.

            K Fent (2003)
            Contamination sites pose significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are important sources of pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects. At severely contaminated sites acute effects occur, but the core problem lies in possible long-term chronic effects. Ecotoxicological effects occur at all levels of the biological organization, from the molecular to the ecosystem level. Not only certain organisms may be affected, but the ecosystems as a whole in its function and structure. Contaminants at large contaminated sites often share critical properties such as toxicity, high environmental persistence, often high mobility prone to contamination of groundwater, and high lipophilicity resulting in bioaccumulation in food webs. Contaminants present at polluted sites occur as mixtures; therefore, interactions between individual compounds may be of importance. The bioavailability is a key factor responsible for ecotoxicological effects of contaminants: only the bioavailable fraction induces ecotoxicological effects, as shown for organotin compounds. Organotins belong to the most toxic pollutants known so far for aquatic life. Widespread contamination of harbor sediments occurs globally due to the ongoing use of organotins in antifouling paints on large ships. In lake sediments, tributyl- and triphenyltin are very persistent and bioavailable to biota even after a long time. The bioavailability of organotins is dependent on the pH and the content of organic matter. Organotins accumulate in sediments, but remobilization occurs during disturbance and dredging. A key question in dealing with contaminated sites is whether, and to what extent ecotoxicity occurs. Usually, established OECD tests and whole effluent toxicity tests are performed for an ecotoxicological evaluation and for risk assessment. However, these assays are often expensive, laborious and sometimes not sensitive enough. As a consequence, we have used rapid and inexpensive in vitro systems such as fish cell lines for the evaluation of sediments and landfill leachates, which were contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The determination of cytotoxicity as a measure for acute toxicity, and the induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) as a biomarker of exposure and effects were found to be important measures, which can be used for hazard and risk assessment. We have developed a concept for the ecotoxicological evaluation of PAH contamination based on induction equivalents, which can be applied for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. One of the key question and present gaps, however, includes the long-term chronic ecotoxicological effects of single compounds and mixtures on soil and aquatic biota at contaminated sites. This should be addressed in the future.
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              Effects of chronic fluoranthene exposure on sibling species of Capitella with different development modes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José, San José, Costa Rica )
                0034-7744
                0034-7744
                October 2019
                : 67
                : suppl 5
                : 110-118
                Affiliations
                [1] Callao orgnameInstituto del Mar del Perú Perú imelissa.herrera.p@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Lima orgnameUniversidad Ricardo Palma Peru
                [3] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico nuri@ 123456ola.icmyl.unam.mx
                Article
                S0034-77442019000500110 S0034-7744(19)06700000110
                10.15517/rbt.v67is5.38936
                db119b62-2309-4b03-a3bb-7ae87891021b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 June 2019
                : 03 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Artículo

                metales pesados,CL50,bioensayos,especie prueba,humedal costero Poza de la Arenilla,Ecotoxicology,polychaetes,heavy metal,LC50,bioassays,test species,coastal wetland Poza de la Arenilla,Ecotoxicología,poliquetos

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