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      STK1p as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, based on real-world data

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          Abstract

          Aim:

          A prospective investigation of serum thymidine kinase 1 concentration (STK1p) was performed to evaluate its prognostic value in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLCs).

          Patients & methods:

          The STK1p values of 127 patients were determined by an enhanced chemiluminescent dot blot assay. The patients were recruited from March 2011 to December 2017.

          Results:

          Kaplan–Meier plot showed that patients with elevated STK1p values had worse overall survival (OS), especially patients of early/middle stages. Multi-variable COX regression showed that STK1p value and combined treatment surgery + chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for favorable OS.

          Conclusion:

          STK1p is helpful in predicting OS of early/middle stages (I–IIIA) NSCLCs patients following a nonrandomized individual adapted treatment, but is may be not recommended in advanced stages (IIIB + IV) of NSCLCs.

          Lay abstract

          Lung cancer is one of the most common types of tumors, with a high mortality rate. We investigate if thymidine kinase 1 in serum (STK1p) is a reliable prognostic marker for survival in non-small-cell lung carcinoma. We recruited 127 patients in this study. STK1p level was determined using a high-sensitive chemiluminescent dot blot assay. Patients with elevated STK1p values had worse overall survival, especially patients in the early/middle cancer stages. Analysis showed that STK1p is an independent prognostic factors for overall survival. We concluded that STK1p is helpful predicting the efficacy of treatment in non-small-cell lung carcinoma for those in the early/middle stages.

          Most cited references50

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          Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

          Ahmedin Jemal, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca Siegel … (2018)
          This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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            Cancer statistics, 2019

            Rebecca Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin Jemal (2019)
            Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new cancer cases and 606,880 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2006-2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the cancer death rate (2007-2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2-fold higher for cervical cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver cancers during 2012-2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against cancer.
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              Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

              Edward Garon, Naiyer A Rizvi, Rina Hui … (2015)
              We assessed the efficacy and safety of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibition with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer enrolled in a phase 1 study. We also sought to define and validate an expression level of the PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) that is associated with the likelihood of clinical benefit. We assigned 495 patients receiving pembrolizumab (at a dose of either 2 mg or 10 mg per kilogram of body weight every 3 weeks or 10 mg per kilogram every 2 weeks) to either a training group (182 patients) or a validation group (313 patients). We assessed PD-L1 expression in tumor samples using immunohistochemical analysis, with results reported as the percentage of neoplastic cells with staining for membranous PD-L1 (proportion score). Response was assessed every 9 weeks by central review. Common side effects that were attributed to pembrolizumab were fatigue, pruritus, and decreased appetite, with no clear difference according to dose or schedule. Among all the patients, the objective response rate was 19.4%, and the median duration of response was 12.5 months. The median duration of progression-free survival was 3.7 months, and the median duration of overall survival was 12.0 months. PD-L1 expression in at least 50% of tumor cells was selected as the cutoff from the training group. Among patients with a proportion score of at least 50% in the validation group, the response rate was 45.2%. Among all the patients with a proportion score of at least 50%, median progression-free survival was 6.3 months; median overall survival was not reached. Pembrolizumab had an acceptable side-effect profile and showed antitumor activity in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. PD-L1 expression in at least 50% of tumor cells correlated with improved efficacy of pembrolizumab. (Funded by Merck; KEYNOTE-001 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01295827.).
              Article 0 comments Cited 1476 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Future Sci OA
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Future Sci OA
                Journal ID (publisher-id): FSOA
                Title: Future Science OA
                Publisher: Future Science Ltd (London, UK )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2056-5623
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 23 November 2020
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): March 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 23 November 2020
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: FSO661
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Shizi Street 188, Gusu District, Suzhou, China
                [2 ]Department of Oncology, Peking 301 Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
                [3 ]Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Shizi Street 188, Gusu District, Suzhou, China
                [4 ]Department of Medicine, Shenzhen SSTK Precision Medicine Institute, A301, Building 1, 1301-76 Guanguang Road, Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
                [5 ]Health Management Center of PLA 910 Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Author for correspondence: Tel.: +8613509676365; li728@ 123456163.com
                [** ]Author for correspondence: Tel.: 0046 736407152; svenisak@ 123456icloud.com
                [‡]

                Authors contributed equally

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-8845
                Article
                DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0130
                PMC ID: 7849927
                PubMed ID: 33552542
                SO-VID: db5a8156-0906-4efb-a97a-f7dfecb64891
                Copyright © © 2020 Sven Skog
                License:

                This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

                History
                Date received : 25 July 2020
                Date accepted : 26 October 2020
                Date: 23 November 2020
                Page count
                Pages: 13
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: lung cancer,non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc),radical resection (rr),serum thymidine kinase 1 protein (stk1p),survival,thymidine kinase 1 (tk1)
                Data availability:
                Keywords: lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc), radical resection (rr), serum thymidine kinase 1 protein (stk1p), survival, thymidine kinase 1 (tk1)

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