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      Effects of aqueous extract from Silybum marianum on adenosine deaminase activity in cancerous and noncancerous human gastric and colon tissues

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          Investigation of possible effects of Silybum marianum extract (SME) on adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in cancerous and noncancerous human gastric and colon tissues to obtain information about possible mechanism of anticancer action of S. marianum.

          Materials and Methods:

          Cancerous and noncancerous human gastric and colon tissues removed from patients by surgical operations were used in the studies. The extract was prepared in distilled water. Before and after treatment with the extract, ADA activities in the samples were measured.

          Results:

          ADA activity was found to be lowered significantly in cancerous gastric tissues but not in noncancerous gastric tissues after treatment with the SME. In the colon tissues, ADA activities were however found to increase after the treatment of SME.

          Conclusion:

          Our results suggest that the aqueous extract from S. marianum inhibits ADA activity in cancerous gastric tissues significantly. It is suggested that in addition to other proposed mechanisms, accumulated adenosine due to the inhibition of ADA might also play a part in the anticancer properties of the S. marianum.

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          Multi-target therapeutics: when the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

          Grant Zimmermann, Joseph Lehár, Curtis Keith (2007)
          Drugs designed to act against individual molecular targets cannot usually combat multigenic diseases such as cancer, or diseases that affect multiple tissues or cell types such as diabetes and immunoinflammatory disorders. Combination drugs that impact multiple targets simultaneously are better at controlling complex disease systems, are less prone to drug resistance and are the standard of care in many important therapeutic areas. The combination drugs currently employed are primarily of rational design, but the increased efficacy they provide justifies in vitro discovery efforts for identifying novel multi-target mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the biological rationale for combination therapeutics, review some existing combination drugs and present a systematic approach to identify interactions between molecular pathways that could be leveraged for therapeutic benefit.
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            Targeted cancer therapy.

            Charles Sawyers (2004)
            Disruption of the normal regulation of cell-cycle progression and division lies at the heart of the events leading to cancer. Complex networks of regulatory factors, the tumour microenvironment and stress signals, such as those resulting from damaged DNA, dictate whether cancer cells proliferate or die. Recent progress in understanding the molecular changes that underlie cancer development offer the prospect of specifically targeting malfunctioning molecules and pathways to achieve more effective and rational cancer therapy.
            Article 0 comments Cited 288 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Plant-based anticancer molecules: a chemical and biological profile of some important leads.

              J. Kumar, M. M. Gupta, V Srivastava … (2005)
              A number of natural products, with diverse chemical structures, have been isolated as anticancer agents. Several potential lead molecules such as camptothecin, vincristine, vinblastine, taxol, podophyllotoxin, combretastatins, etc. have been isolated from plants and many of them have been modified to yield better analogues for activity, toxicity or solubility. Several successful molecules like topotecan, irinotecan, taxotere, etoposide, teniposide, etc. also have emerged as drugs upon modification of these natural leads and many more are yet to come. In this review, the authors have focused on four important anticancer leads, that is, camptothecin, taxol, combretastatin A-4 and podophyllotoxin. Their chemistry, structure and activity relationships, biological activities, modes of action, analogue synthesis and future prospects have been discussed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 64 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pharmacogn Mag
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pharmacogn Mag
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PM
                Title: Pharmacognosy Magazine
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0973-1296
                ISSN (Electronic): 0976-4062
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Mar 2015
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 41
                Pages: 143-146
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
                [1 ] Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey
                [2 ] Central Research Laboratory, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Bahadır Öztürk, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. E-mail: ozturkbhdr@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: PM-11-143
                DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.149729
                PMC ID: 4329615
                SO-VID: de74ff51-64de-4958-be65-34c3ed08f231
                Copyright © Copyright: © Pharmacognosy Magazine
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 02 December 2013
                Date revision received : 14 January 2014
                Date accepted : 21 January 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: adenosine deaminase,cancer,colon tissue,gastric tissue,silybum marianum
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: adenosine deaminase, cancer, colon tissue, gastric tissue, silybum marianum

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