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      Characterization of the electrocardiogram of microminipig in comparison with that of Clawn miniature swine: impacts of miniaturization of body size on electrocardiographic indices

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          Abstract

          Effects of body size reduction on electrocardiographic indices were examined using microminipigs in comparison with Clawn miniature swine (Clawn). Electrocardiogram was recorded using Holter electrocardiograph in conscious state for 24 hr for microminipigs (male: 11.6 ± 0.1 kg, 12–17 months, n=5; and female: 9.9 ± 0.4 kg, 6 months, n=5) and Clawn (female: 20.3 ± 0.4 kg, 8–9 months, n=8). Microminipig had shorter PR interval and QRS width than Clawn, whereas no significant difference was detected in JTcF/QTcF between them. Ratios of PR interval, QRS width, and body weight cubic root for microminipigs to Clawn ranged between 0.713 and 0.830. These findings indicate that PR interval and QRS width will depend on distance for excitatory current propagation, whereas JTcF/QTcF may be governed by local electrical activities.

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          Die Systolendauer im Elektrokardiogramm bei normalen Menschen und bei Herzkranken

          L S Fridericia (1920)
          Article 0 comments Cited 104 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: advantages and disadvantages.

            Mariska M. H. P. Janssen, Nima Hafezi-Nejad (2014)
            The mammalian heart is responsible for not only pumping blood throughout the body but also adjusting this pumping activity quickly depending upon sudden changes in the metabolic demands of the body. For the most part, the human heart is capable of performing its duties without complications; however, throughout many decades of use, at some point this system encounters problems. Research into the heart's activities during healthy states and during adverse impacts that occur in disease states is necessary in order to strategize novel treatment options to ultimately prolong and improve patients' lives. Animal models are an important aspect of cardiac research where a variety of cardiac processes and therapeutic targets can be studied. However, there are differences between the heart of a human being and an animal and depending on the specific animal, these differences can become more pronounced and in certain cases limiting. There is no ideal animal model available for cardiac research, the use of each animal model is accompanied with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we will discuss these advantages and disadvantages of commonly used laboratory animals including mouse, rat, rabbit, canine, swine, and sheep. Since the goal of cardiac research is to enhance our understanding of human health and disease and help improve clinical outcomes, we will also discuss the role of human cardiac tissue in cardiac research. This review will focus on the cardiac ventricular contractile and relaxation kinetics of humans and animal models in order to illustrate these differences. © 2013.
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              Sodium channel block with mexiletine is effective in reducing dispersion of repolarization and preventing torsade des pointes in LQT2 and LQT3 models of the long-QT syndrome.

              W Shimizu, C Antzelevitch (1997)
              This study examines the contribution of transmural heterogeneity of transmembrane activity to phenotypic T-wave patterns and the effects of pacing and of sodium channel block under conditions mimicking HERG and SCN5A defects linked to the congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS). A transmural ECG and transmembrane action potentials from epicardial, M, and endocardial or Purkinje cells were simultaneously recorded in an arterially perfused wedge of canine left ventricle. d-Sotalol was used to mimic LQT2, whereas ATX-II mimicked LQT3. d-Sotalol caused a preferential prolongation of the M cell action potential duration (APD90, 291+/-14 to 354+/-35 ms), giving rise to broad and sometimes low-amplitude bifurcated T waves and an increased transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR, 51+/-15 to 72+/-17 ms). QT interval increased from 320+/-13 to 385+/-37 ms. ATX-II produced a preferential prolongation of the M cell APD90 (280+/-25 to 609+/-49 ms) and caused a marked delay in the onset of the T wave and a sharp rise in TDR (40+/-5 to 168+/-40 ms). QT-, APD90-, and dispersion-rate relations were much steeper in the ATX-II than in the d-sotalol model. Mexiletine (2 to 20 micromol/L) dose-dependently abbreviated the QT interval and APD90 of all cell types, more in the ATX-II than in the d-sotalol model, but decreased TDR equally in the two models. Mexiletine 2 to 5 micromol/L totally suppressed spontaneous torsade de pointes (TdP) and reduced the vulnerable window during which single extrastimuli could induce TdP in both models. Higher concentrations of mexiletine (10 to 20 micromol/L) totally suppressed stimulation-induced TdP. Our results suggest that although pacing and sodium channel block are very effective in abbreviating the QT interval and TDR in LQT3, these therapeutic approaches may also be valuable in reducing the incidence of arrhythmogenesis in LQT2.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Med Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Vet Med Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JVMS
                Title: The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
                Publisher: The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
                ISSN (Print): 0916-7250
                ISSN (Electronic): 1347-7439
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 June 2023
                Publication date (Print): August 2023
                Volume: 85
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 828-831
                Affiliations
                [1) ]Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
                [2) ]CMIC Bioresearch Center, CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Sugiyama A: atsushi.sugiyama@ 123456med.toho-u.ac.jp , Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
                These authors contributed equally to this work.
                Article
                Publisher ID: 23-0049
                DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0049
                PMC ID: 10466054
                PubMed ID: 37302820
                SO-VID: df7824f3-6f5a-4f5e-acc5-9127cf4c8485
                Copyright © ©2023 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

                History
                Date received : 29 January 2023
                Date accepted : 31 May 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Note

                Keywords: clawn miniature swine,electrocardiogram,microminipig,miniaturization,qt interval
                Data availability:
                Keywords: clawn miniature swine, electrocardiogram, microminipig, miniaturization, qt interval

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