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      Los vínculos afectivos en la adherencia a tratamientos por VIH y por consumos problemáticos de drogas (Argentina, 2014-2016) Translated title: Vínculos afetivos na aderência a tratamentos contra o HIV e por uso problemático de drogas (Argentina, 2014-2016) Translated title: Affective relations and treatment adherence for HIV and problematic drug use (Argentina, 2014-2016)

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          Abstract

          Resumen: El presente artículo analiza los cruces entre experiencias terapéuticas y vínculos afectivos en las trayectorias de dos grupos de pacientes con padecimientos crónicos: personas con consumos problemáticos de drogas en tratamiento en dispositivos religiosos de atención terapéutica; y personas con VIH bajo atención clínica y tratamiento antirretroviral. El artículo parte de una estrategia metodológica cualitativa, basada en entrevistas en profundidad. La hipótesis es que los tratamientos (farmacológicos o psicológicos) usualmente resultan insuficientes para brindar respuestas terapéuticas adecuadas a estos dos padecimientos crónicos. Los grupos entrevistados reconocen la centralidad de las dimensiones afectivas para la adherencia a las pautas de tratamiento propuestas y para un abordaje integral, y consecuentemente más efectivo, del VIH y de las adicciones a las drogas. El artículo concluye presentando una noción de adherencia que excede el comportamiento individual de mero cumplimiento de las prescripciones de los tratamientos. La adherencia es menos una experiencia personal que colectiva, en la que el entorno cercano de familiares, redes de pares y profesionales y otros referentes terapéuticos juegan un papel central.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: O presente artigo analisa as intersecções entre experiências terapêuticas e vínculos afetivos nas trajetórias de dois grupos de pacientes com padecimentos crônicos: pessoas com consumos problemáticos de drogas em tratamento dentro de locais religiosos de atenção terapêutica; e pessoas com HIV sob os cuidados clínicos e tratamento antirretroviral. O artigo parte de uma estratégia metodológica qualitativa, baseada em entrevistas em profundidade. A hipótese é que os tratamentos (farmacológicos ou psicológicos) comumente resultam insuficientes para proporcionar respostas terapêuticas adequadas para estas duas doenças crônicas. Os grupos entrevistados reconhecem a centralidade das dimensões afetivas para a aderência nas pautas dos tratamentos propostos e para uma abordagem integral, e consequentemente mais efetiva, do HIV e da dependência as drogas. O artigo conclui apresentando uma noção de aderência que excede o comportamento individual de mero cumprimento das prescrições dos tratamentos. A aderência é menos uma experiência pessoal do que coletiva, em que o ambiente familiar, as redes de pares e profissionais junto com outros referentes terapêuticos jogam um papel central.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The article analyzes interactions between therapeutic experiences and affective relations in the history of patients with chronic health conditions: persons with problematic drug use receiving therapeutic care in religious devices and persons with HIV under clinical care and antiretroviral therapy. The article uses a qualitative methodology based on in-depth interviews. The hypothesis is that the treatments (pharmacological or psychological) usually prove insufficient to provide adequate therapeutic responses to these two chronic conditions. Both groups acknowledged the central importance of affective dimensions for adherence to the proposed treatment regimens and a comprehensive (and thus more effective) approach to HIV and drug addictions. The article concludes by presenting a notion of adherence that extrapolates individual behavior involving mere compliance with prescribed treatments. Adherence is less a personal than a collective experience, in which family, peer networks, and professionals and other therapeutic reference persons play a central role.

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          Most cited references20

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          Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure

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            HIV-1 remission following CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

            A cure for HIV-1 remains unattainable as only one case has been reported, a decade ago1,2. The individual-who is known as the 'Berlin patient'-underwent two allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) procedures using a donor with a homozygous mutation in the HIV coreceptor CCR5 (CCR5Δ32/Δ32) to treat his acute myeloid leukaemia. Total body irradiation was given with each HSCT. Notably, it is unclear which treatment or patient parameters contributed to this case of long-term HIV remission. Here we show that HIV-1 remission may be possible with a less aggressive and toxic approach. An adult infected with HIV-1 underwent allogeneic HSCT for Hodgkin's lymphoma using cells from a CCR5Δ32/Δ32 donor. He experienced mild gut graft-versus-host disease. Antiretroviral therapy was interrupted 16 months after transplantation. HIV-1 remission has been maintained over a further 18 months. Plasma HIV-1 RNA has been undetectable at less than one copy per millilitre along with undetectable HIV-1 DNA in peripheral CD4 T lymphocytes. Quantitative viral outgrowth assays from peripheral CD4 T lymphocytes show no reactivatable virus using a total of 24 million resting CD4 T cells. CCR5-tropic, but not CXCR4-tropic, viruses were identified in HIV-1 DNA from CD4 T cells of the patient before the transplant. CD4 T cells isolated from peripheral blood after transplantation did not express CCR5 and were susceptible only to CXCR4-tropic virus ex vivo. HIV-1 Gag-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were lost after transplantation, whereas cytomegalovirus-specific responses were detectable. Similarly, HIV-1-specific antibodies and avidities fell to levels comparable to those in the Berlin patient following transplantation. Although at 18 months after the interruption of treatment it is premature to conclude that this patient has been cured, these data suggest that a single allogeneic HSCT with homozygous CCR5Δ32 donor cells may be sufficient to achieve HIV-1 remission with reduced intensity conditioning and no irradiation, and the findings provide further support for the development of HIV-1 remission strategies based on preventing CCR5 expression.
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              Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation.

              The effects of drug dependence on social systems has helped shape the generally held view that drug dependence is primarily a social problem, not a health problem. In turn, medical approaches to prevention and treatment are lacking. We examined evidence that drug (including alcohol) dependence is a chronic medical illness. A literature review compared the diagnoses, heritability, etiology (genetic and environmental factors), pathophysiology, and response to treatments (adherence and relapse) of drug dependence vs type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and asthma. Genetic heritability, personal choice, and environmental factors are comparably involved in the etiology and course of all of these disorders. Drug dependence produces significant and lasting changes in brain chemistry and function. Effective medications are available for treating nicotine, alcohol, and opiate dependence but not stimulant or marijuana dependence. Medication adherence and relapse rates are similar across these illnesses. Drug dependence generally has been treated as if it were an acute illness. Review results suggest that long-term care strategies of medication management and continued monitoring produce lasting benefits. Drug dependence should be insured, treated, and evaluated like other chronic illnesses. JAMA. 2000;284:1689-1695.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2020
                : 36
                : 5
                : e00035919
                Affiliations
                [3] Philadelphia Pennsylvania orgnameUniversity of Pennsylvania United States
                [2] Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires Argentina
                [1] Buenos Aires Buenos Aires orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                Article
                S0102-311X2020000605004 S0102-311X(20)03600505004
                10.1590/0102-311x00035919
                df8aff99-146e-4ec7-a3d2-df09ca9bc5fb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 October 2019
                : 25 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 0

                Drugs,VIH,Drogas,Treatments,HIV,Cooperación del Paciente,Incurable Patients,Pacientes Incuráveis,Tratamientos,Pacientes Incurables,Tratamentos,Patient Compliance,Cooperação do Paciente

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