Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs) for therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the deadliest cancers globally, making the search for more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches particularly crucial. Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs), an innovative nanotechnology, have paved new pathways for the targeted diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Initially, we outline the epidemiological background of HCC and the current therapeutic challenges. Subsequently, we explore in detail how AFNs enhance diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency and reduce side effects through the specific targeting of HCC cells and the optimization of drug delivery. Furthermore, we address the challenges faced by AFNs in clinical applications and future research directions, with a particular focus on enhancing their biocompatibility and assessing long-term effects. In summary, AFNs represent an avant-garde therapeutic approach, opening new avenues and possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma

Josep Llovet, Robin Kate Kelley, Augusto Villanueva … (2021)

Liver cancer remains a global health challenge, with an estimated incidence of >1 million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and accounts for ~90% of cases. Infection by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the main risk factors for HCC development, although non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus is becoming a more frequent risk factor in the West. Moreover, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated HCC has a unique molecular pathogenesis. Approximately 25% of all HCCs present with potentially actionable mutations, which are yet to be translated into the clinical practice. Diagnosis based upon non-invasive criteria is currently challenged by the need for molecular information that requires tissue or liquid biopsies. The current major advancements have impacted the management of patients with advanced HCC. Six systemic therapies have been approved based on phase III trials (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab) and three additional therapies have obtained accelerated FDA approval owing to evidence of efficacy. New trials are exploring combination therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors or anti-VEGF therapies, or even combinations of two immunotherapy regimens. The outcomes of these trials are expected to change the landscape of HCC management at all evolutionary stages.

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Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects

Jayanta Patra, Gitishree Das, Leonardo Fraceto … (2018)

Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems are a relatively new but rapidly developing science where materials in the nanoscale range are employed to serve as means of diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic agents to specific targeted sites in a controlled manner. Nanotechnology offers multiple benefits in treating chronic human diseases by site-specific, and target-oriented delivery of precise medicines. Recently, there are a number of outstanding applications of the nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents etc.) in the treatment of various diseases. The current review, presents an updated summary of recent advances in the field of nanomedicines and nano based drug delivery systems through comprehensive scrutiny of the discovery and application of nanomaterials in improving both the efficacy of novel and old drugs (e.g., natural products) and selective diagnosis through disease marker molecules. The opportunities and challenges of nanomedicines in drug delivery from synthetic/natural sources to their clinical applications are also discussed. In addition, we have included information regarding the trends and perspectives in nanomedicine area.

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AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Richard Finn, Claude Sirlin, Michael Abecassis … (2018)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Xiao Wang: wangxiao@ahmu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nanobiotechnology

Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155

Publication date (Electronic): 12 May 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 12 May 2024

Publication date Collection: 2024

Volume: 22

Electronic Location Identifier: 243

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, ( https://ror.org/03t1yn780) Hefei, 230022 Anhui China

[2 ]Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, ( https://ror.org/01p884a79) Baoding, 071002, Hebei China

Article

Publisher ID: 2486

DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02486-5

PMC ID: 11089756

PubMed ID: 38735927

SO-VID: dfbf890c-80d4-4da7-9ee7-188ef8160e06

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 6 January 2024

Date accepted : 17 April 2024

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Award ID: 82370641

Award Recipient : Xiao Wang

Funded by: Major Research Foundation of Higher Education of Anhui Province

Award ID: 2023AH040370

Award Recipient : Xiao Wang

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma,aptamer,aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials,molecular imaging,targeted therapy

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, aptamer, aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials, molecular imaging, targeted therapy

Aptamer-functionalized nanomaterials (AFNs) for therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Most cited references 143

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects

AASLD guidelines for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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