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      THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY AND THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS IN HEPATECTOMY FOR METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER Translated title: Associação da quimioterapia pré-operatória e a prevalência de esteatose hepática em hepatectomias por metástase de câncer colorretal

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          Abstract

          Background

          Some studies have suggested that preoperative chemotherapy for hepatic colorectal metastases may cause hepatic injury and increase perioperative morbidity and mortality.

          Aim

          To evaluate the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in patients undergoing preoperative chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.

          Methods

          Observational retrospective cohort study in which 166 patients underwent 185 hepatectomies for metastatic colorectal cancer with or without associated preoperative chemotherapy from 2004 to 2011. The data were obtained from a review of the medical records and an analysis of the anatomopathological report on the non-tumor portion of the surgical specimen. The study sample was divided into two groups: those who were exposed and those who were unexposed to chemotherapy.

          Results

          From the hepatectomies, 136 cases (73.5%) underwent preoperative chemotherapy, with most (62.5%) using a regimen of 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin. A 40% greater risk of cell damage was detected in 62% of the exposed group. The predominant histological pattern of the cell damage was steatosis, which was detected in 51% of the exposed cases. Exposure to chemotherapy increased the risk of steatosis by 2.2 fold. However, when the risk factors were controlled, only the presence of risk of hepatopathy was associated with steatosis, with a relative risk of 4 (2.7-5.9).

          Conclusion

          Patients exposed to chemotherapy have 2.2 times the risk of developing hepatic steatosis, and its occurrence is associated with the presence of predisposing factors such as diabetes mellitus and hepatopathy.

          Translated abstract

          Racional

          Alguns estudos sugerem que a quimioterapia pré-operatória para metástases hepáticas do câncer colorretal pode causar dano celular e aumentar morbidade e mortalidade.

          Objetivo

          Analisar a prevalência de esteatose hepática em fígados de pacientes expostos à quimioterapia pré-operatória por metástase de câncer colorretal.

          Métodos

          O delineamento do estudo foi observacional de coorte retrospectivo, no qual 166 pacientes foram submetidos a 185 hepactectomias por metástase de câncer colorretal, com e sem quimioterapia pré-operatória, no período de 2004 a 2011. Os dados foram extraídos da revisão dos prontuários e da análise do laudo anatomopatológico da parte não tumoral da peça cirúrgica. A amostra foi dividida em grupo exposto e não-exposto à quimioterapia. Os dados foram analisados por programa estatístico Stata 11.2, e aplicado o teste exato de Fischer para análise bivariada, e a regressão de Poisson, para análise multivariada; valores p< 0,05 foram considerados como significativos.

          Resultados

          Das hepatectomias, 136 casos (73,5%) receberam quimioterapia pré-operatória, e o regime mais utilizado (62,5%) foi 5-fluorouracila+leucovorin. No grupo exposto, a lesão hepatocelular esteve presente em 62% dos casos e correspondeu a risco de 40% em relação ao grupo não-exposto. O padrão histológico da lesão hepatocelular predominante foi a esteatose, em 51% de casos do grupo exposto. A exposição à quimioterapia aumentou em 2,2 vezes a possibilidade de esteatose. Entretanto, quando foram controlados os fatores de risco, somente a hepatopatia prévia esteve associada à presença de esteatose após quimioterapia com risco relativo de 4 (2,7-5,9).

          Conclusões

          Pacientes expostos à quimioterapia têm risco 2,2 maior de desenvolver esteatose, e sua prevalência está associada à presença de fatores predisponentes, como risco de hepatopatia prévia.

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          Most cited references47

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          Systematic review and meta-analysis of steatosis as a risk factor in major hepatic resection.

          The risk of major hepatic resection in patients with hepatic steatosis remains controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to establish the best estimate of the impact of steatosis on patient outcome following major hepatic surgery. A systematic search was performed following Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Risk ratios (RRs) for complication and mortality rates were calculated for patients with no, less than 30 per cent and at least 30 per cent steatosis, and a meta-analysis was carried out. Of six observational studies identified, four including a total of 1000 patients were subjected to meta-analysis; two others were tabulated separately. Compared with patients without steatosis, those with less than 30 per cent and at least 30 per cent steatosis had a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications, with a RR of 1.53 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.27 to 1.85) and 2.01 (1.66 to 2.44) respectively. Patients with at least 30 per cent steatosis had an increased risk of postoperative death (RR 2.79, 95 per cent c.i. 1.19 to 6.51). Patients with steatosis had an up to twofold increased risk of postoperative complications, and those with excessive steatosis had an almost threefold increased risk of death. Copyright 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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            Hepatic steatosis as a potential risk factor for major hepatic resection.

            Hepatic steatosis is a recognized risk factor for primary nonfunction of hepatic allografts, but the effect of steatosis on postoperative recovery after major liver resection is unknown. Our aim was to determine if hepatic steatosis is associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major resection. A retrospective review of medical records of 135 patients who had undergone major hepatic resection from 1990 to 1993 was performed. Histopathology of the hepatic parenchyma at the resection margin was reviewed for the presence of macro- or microvesicular steatosis. The extent of steatosis was graded as none (group 1), mild with less than 30% hepatocytes involved (group 2), or moderate-to-severe with 30% or more hepatocytes involved (group 3). Outcome of patients was correlated with extent of steatosis. Patients with moderate-to-severe steatosis were obese (body mass index = 25.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 26.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 33.4 +/- 2.9; P< 0.05 groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and had an increased serum bilirubin concentration preoperatively. Hepatectomy required a longer operative time for group 3 (290 +/- 9 minutes vs. 287 +/- 13 minutes vs. 355 +/- 24 minutes; P
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              Evolution of long-term outcome of liver resection for colorectal metastases: analysis of actual 5-year survival rates over two decades.

              Liver resection (LR) is the only potentially curative treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Its outcome over the past 2 decades was studied using actual 5-year survival rates.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian Archives of Digestive Surgery
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva
                0102-6720
                2317-6326
                Apr-Jun 2014
                Apr-Jun 2014
                : 27
                : 2
                : 120-125
                Affiliations
                [01]Hepatobiliary Cancer Surgery Unit of Santa Rita Hospital and Post-Graduation Program in Hepatology, Hospital Complex of Irmandade Santa Casa of Porto Alegre (Hospital Santa Rita, Complexo Hospitalar da Irmandade Santa Casa de Porto Alegre), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Felix Antônio Insaurriaga dos Santos. E-mail: fejus@ 123456terra.com.br
                Article
                10.1590/S0102-67202014000200008
                4678686
                25004290
                e052f6a7-5c9e-4910-8427-65c027fed775

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 November 2013
                : 11 March 2014
                Categories
                Original Article

                hepatectomy,chemotherapy,drug-induced liver injury,colorectal cancer

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