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      Eficacia Antihelmíntica de Doramectina 1%, Ivermectina 1% y Ricobendazol 15% frente a Nematodos Gastrointestinales en Ovinos de Pelo. Translated title: Anthelmintic Efficacy of Doramectin 1%, Ivermectin 1% and Ricobendazol 15% Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Hair Ovines.

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          Abstract

          Con la finalidad de valorar la eficacia antihelmíntica de Doramectina 1%, Ivermectina 1% y Ricobendazol 15% en ovinos, se desarrolló una investigación en 49 animales con mestizaje predominante West African que presentaban infecciones naturales por nematodos gastrointestinales, con valores de huevos por gramo de heces (HPG) al inicio del ensayo superiores a 150. Fueron divididos en cuatro grupos, tres tratados con las drogas en estudio y uno Testigo no tratado. Las muestras de heces se tomaron directamente del recto, previo al tratamiento antihelmíntico y los días 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 y 42 postratamiento (DPT); se analizaron a través de la técnica de McMaster modificada. Para la valoración de la eficacia se utilizó el método del porcentaje de reducción en los HPG “in vivo” (RPH) y el de identificación de larvas infectivas recuperadas de los coprocultivos realizados en los diferentes días del muestreo. La Doramectina mostró alta eficacia (94,2 - 100% del PRH) hasta los 35 DPT, recuperándose larvas infectivas de Trichostrongylus spp. a los 35 y 42 DPT. Se demostró una alta eficacia de la Ivermectina hasta los 28 DPT (90,37 - 100% del PRH), observándose larvas infectivas de los géneros Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus, Cooperia y Strongyloides, hasta los 42 DPT. El Ricobendazol presentó una eficacia con alta variabilidad (50-95%), mostrando resistencia antihelmíntica frente a los principales nematodos recuperados. La Doramectina e Ivermectina presentan mayor eficacia nematodicida, siendo la primera más persistente en el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos de pelo.

          Translated abstract

          In order to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of Doramectin 1%, Ivermectin 1% and Ricobendazole 15% in ovines, it was make a research with 49 animals crossbreed West African, naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes, which values previously to the assay were higher than 150 EPG. The animals were divided in four groups, three treated with the anthelmintics and one as untreated control. The fecal samples were taking directly of the rectum, previous to the treatment and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days post treatment (DPT), and they were analyzed through McMaster modified technique. To valuate the anthelmintic efficacy was used the eggs reduction percent method in vivo and the identification of the infective larvaes recovered from coprocultures. The Doramectin has high efficacy (94.2 - 100%) until the 35 DPT, it was observed infective larvaes of Trichostrongylus spp. at 35 and 42 DPT. The Ivermectina efficacy was high until the 28 DPT (90.37 - 100%), it was detected infective larvaes of Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus, Cooperia and Strongyloides, until 42 DPT. The Ricobendazole efficacy showed high variability during the assay (50 - 95%), suggesting anthelmintic resistance of the main recovered nematodes. Doramectin and Ivermectin showed the best nematodicide efficacy, being the one more persistent in the digestives nematodes control in hair ovines.

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          The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep in southern Latin America: Brazil.

          This survey was conducted in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and involved 182 farms located in 26 counties. In addition to the three major broad-spectrum anthelmintic groups (viz. benzimidazole, levamisole and ivermectin) the combination benzimidazole and levamisole and the H. contortus specific anthelmintic, closantel, were tested by the faecal egg count reduction method for the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance. Resistance was found to be 90%, 84%, 13%, 73% and 20%, respectively. This is a crisis situation. Immediate, drastic action needs to be implemented, otherwise the sheep industry in this region (approx. 10 million head) will soon face a lack of any effective anthelmintics with the inevitable consequences of major restructuring or abandonment.
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            Anthelmintic resistance of nematode parasites of small ruminants in eastern Ethiopia: exploitation of refugia to restore anthelmintic efficacy.

            Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were conducted in May 2003 to determine the efficacy of anthelmintics used for treatment against nematode parasites in separately managed sheep and goat flocks at Alemaya University in eastern Ethiopia. These tests revealed high levels of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole, tetramisole, the combination of these two drugs, and to ivermectin in the goat flock (predominantly infected by Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp.), whereas all drugs were highly efficacious in the sheep flock. A second FECRT confirmed these observations. Following this, a new management system was implemented on the goat flock for a period of 9 months (January-September 2004) in an attempt to restore the anthelmintic efficacy. This involved a combination of measures: eliminating the existing parasite infections in the goats, exclusion from the traditional goat pastures, and introducing communal grazing of the goats with the university sheep flock and livestock owned by neighbouring small-holder farmers. A second series of FECRTs (Tests 3 and 4) conducted 7 months after this change in management, showed high levels of efficacy to all three drugs (albendazole, tetramisole and ivermectin) in the goat flock. This is the first field study to demonstrate that anthelmintic efficacy in the control of nematode parasites of small ruminants can be restored by exploiting refugia.
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              Comparative pharmacokinetics of doramectin and ivermectin in cattle.

              Plasma pharmacokinetics were compared for 40 cattle dosed by subcutaneous injection with doramectin or ivermectin (200 micrograms kg-1), commercial formulations of doramectin or ivermectin, 20 cattle per product). Doramectin exhibited a similar peak plasma concentration to ivermectin (about 32 ng ml-1), but the time to Cmax was longer for doramectin (5.3 +/- 0.35 days) than for ivermectin (4.0 +/- 0.28 days). The area under the curve from time 0 to infinity post-injection was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for doramectin (511 +/- 16 ng day ml-1) than for ivermectin (361 +/- 17 ng day ml-1). This was explained by a lower clearance, a lower volume of distribution and, probably, a higher bioavailability of doramectin over ivermectin. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetic differences between doramectin and ivermectin may explain the longer duration of preventive efficacy of doramectin.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                rc
                Revista Científica
                Rev. cient. (Maracaibo)
                UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA (Maracaibo )
                0798-2259
                February 2008
                : 18
                : 1
                : 12-16
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad del Zulia Venezuela
                [2 ] Universidad del Zulia Venezuela
                Article
                S0798-22592008000100003
                e0f72d16-7e3c-48e1-b778-0fd162936cbd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0798-2259&lng=en
                Categories
                ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine,General engineering
                Anthelmintic efficacy,gastrointestinal nematodes,ovines,Eficacia antihelmíntica,nematodos gastrointestinales,ovinos

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