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      Negative pressure therapy (vacuum) for wound bed preparation among diabetic patients: case series Translated title: Terapia por pressão negativa (vácuo) no preparo do leito da ferida em pacientes diabéticos: série de casos

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT:

          Complications from diabetes mellitus affecting the lower limbs occur in 40 to 70% of such patients. Neuropathy is the main cause of ulceration and may be associated with vascular impairment. The wound evolves with necrosis and infection, and if not properly treated, amputation may be the end result. Surgical treatment is preferred in complex wounds without spontaneous healing. After debridement of the necrotic tissue, the wound bed needs to be prepared to receive a transplant of either a graft or a flap. Dressings can be used to prepare the wound bed, but this usually leads to longer duration of hospitalization. Negative pressure using a vacuum system has been proposed for speeding up the treatment. This paper had the objective of analyzing the effects of this therapy on wound bed preparation among diabetic patients.

          CASE SERIES:

          Eighty-four diabetic patients with wounds in their lower limbs were studied. A commercially available vacuum system was used for all patients after adequate debridement of necrotic tissues. For 65 patients, skin grafts completed the treatment and for the other 19, skin flaps were used. Wound bed preparation was achieved over an average time of 7.51 days for 65 patients and 10 days for 12 patients, and in only one case was not achieved.

          CONCLUSIONS:

          This experience suggests that negative pressure therapy may have an important role in wound bed preparation and as part of the treatment for wounds in the lower limbs of diabetic patients.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO:

          Complicações do diabetes mellitus que afetam os membros inferiores ocorrem em 40 a 70% dos pacientes. A neuropatia é a principal causa de ulceração e pode estar associada com problemas vasculares. A ferida evolui com necrose e infecção, e se não for corretamente tratada poderá terminar em amputação. O tratamento cirúrgico é preferido em feridas complexas, quando não há cicatrização espontânea. Após desbridamento cirúrgico do tecido necrótico do leito da ferida este precisa ser preparado para receber um transplante, seja um enxerto ou um retalho. Curativos podem ser usados para o preparo do leito da ferida, mas frequentemente levam a um longo tempo de hospitalização. A pressão negativa usada através de um sistema vácuo foi proposta para acelerar o tempo de tratamento. O presente trabalho teve como finalidade analisar os efeitos desta terapia no preparo do leito de feridas em pacientes diabéticos.

          SÉRIE DE CASOS:

          Oitenta e quatro pacientes diabéticos com feridas em membros inferiores foram estudados. Um sistema vácuo de uso comercial foi utilizado em todos os pacientes após adequado desbridamento de tecidos necróticos. Em 65 pacientes enxertos de pele completaram o tratamento e em outros 19 retalhos cutâneos. O preparo do leito da ferida foi conseguido, em média, em 7,51 dias em 65 pacientes, em 10 dias para 12 pacientes e em somente um caso não foi efetivo.

          CONCLUSÃO:

          A experiência sugere que a terapia por pressão negativa possa ter um papel importante no preparo do leito e como parte do tratamento de feridas nos membros inferiores de pacientes diabéticos.

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          Most cited references56

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          Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030.

          The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people of all ages with diabetes for years 2000 and 2030. Data on diabetes prevalence by age and sex from a limited number of countries were extrapolated to all 191 World Health Organization member states and applied to United Nations' population estimates for 2000 and 2030. Urban and rural populations were considered separately for developing countries. The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. The most important demographic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people >65 years of age. These findings indicate that the "diabetes epidemic" will continue even if levels of obesity remain constant. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, it is likely that these figures provide an underestimate of future diabetes prevalence.
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            Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030

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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Wound healing and its impairment in the diabetic foot.

              Optimum healing of a cutaneous wound requires a well-orchestrated integration of the complex biological and molecular events of cell migration and proliferation, and of extracellular matrix deposition and remodelling. Cellular responses to inflammatory mediators, growth factors, and cytokines, and to mechanical forces, must be appropriate and precise. However, this orderly progression of the healing process is impaired in chronic wounds, including those due to diabetes. Several pathogenic abnormalities, ranging from disease-specific intrinsic flaws in blood supply, angiogenesis, and matrix turnover to extrinsic factors due to infection and continued trauma, contribute to failure to heal. Yet, despite these obstacles, there is increasing cause for optimism in the treatment of diabetic and other chronic wounds. Enhanced understanding and correction of pathogenic factors, combined with stricter adherence to standards of care and with technological breakthroughs in biological agents, is giving new hope to the problem of impaired healing.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                06 October 2009
                2009
                : 127
                : 3
                : 166-170
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalMD, PhD. Full professor and chairman, Plastic Surgery Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
                [2 ] originalPhD. Attending physician at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
                [3 ] originalMD, MSc. Attending physician at Hospital Universitário, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC/FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
                [4 ] originalMD, PhD. Attending plastic surgeon at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC/FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
                [5 ] originalMD. Medical preceptor, Plastic Surgery Division, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
                Author notes
                [Address for correspondence: ] Marcus Castro Ferreira. Rua Barata Ribeiro, 483 - Conj. 161 e 162. Bela Vista - São Paulo (SP) - Brasil. CEP 01308-000. Tel. (+55 11) 3256-4899. E-mail: mferrei@uol.com.br E-mail: mcferrei@ 123456usp.br

                Conflict of interest: None

                Article
                10.1590/S1516-31802009000300010
                10956899
                19820878
                e14365b4-c78d-416d-9b52-2afd901a413b

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 11 June 2007
                : 02 July 2009
                : 13 July 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Case Series

                diabetic foot,skin transplantation,surgical flaps,negative-pressure wound therapy,wound healing.,pé diabético,transplante de pele,retalhos cirúrgicos,tratamento de ferimentos com pressão negativa,cicatrização de feridas.

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