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      MicroCT reveals domesticated rice ( Oryza sativa) within pottery sherds from early Neolithic sites (4150–3265 cal BP) in Southeast Asia

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          Abstract

          Rice ( Oryza sativa) was domesticated in the Yangtze Valley region at least 6000–8000 years ago, yet the timing of dispersal of domesticated rice to Southeast Asia is contentious. Often rice is not well-preserved in archaeobotanical assemblages at early Neolithic sites in the wet tropics of Southeast Asia and consequently rice impressions in pottery have been used as a proxy for rice cultivation despite their uncertain taxonomic and domestication status. In this research, we use microCT technology to determine the 3D microscale morphology of rice husk and spikelet base inclusions within pottery sherds from early Neolithic sites in Vietnam. In contrast to surface impressions, microCT provides images of the entire husk and spikelet base preserved within the pottery, including the abscission scar characteristic of domesticated rice. This research demonstrates the potential of microCT to be a new, non-destructive method for the identification of domesticated plant remains within pottery sherds, especially in contexts where archaeobotanical preservation is poor and chaff-tempered sherds are rare and unavailable for destructive analysis. The method has the potential to greatly advance the understanding of crop domestication and agricultural dispersal for ceramic cultures in different parts of the world.

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          The domestication process and domestication rate in rice: spikelet bases from the Lower Yangtze.

          The process of rice domestication occurred in the Lower Yangtze region of Zhejiang, China, between 6900 and 6600 years ago. Archaeobotanical evidence from the site of Tianluoshan shows that the proportion of nonshattering domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) spikelet bases increased over this period from 27% to 39%. Over the same period, rice remains increased from 8% to 24% of all plant remains, which suggests an increased consumption relative to wild gathered foods. In addition, an assemblage of annual grasses, sedges, and other herbaceous plants indicates the presence of arable weeds, typical of cultivated rice, that also increased over this period.
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            Das Domestikationssyndrom

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              COMPARATIVE EVOLUTION OF CEREALS.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Tim.Denham@anu.edu.au
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                7 August 2017
                7 August 2017
                2017
                : 7
                : 7410
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2180 7477, GRID grid.1001.0, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, , Australian National University, ; Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2180 7477, GRID grid.1001.0, National Laboratory for X-ray Computed Tomography, , Australian National University, ; Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
                [3 ]Centre for Archaeological Studies, Southern Institute for Social Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2180 7477, GRID grid.1001.0, Research School of Physics and Engineering, , Australian National University, ; Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
                Article
                4338
                10.1038/s41598-017-04338-9
                5547045
                e2721f5f-fc93-498d-bebc-23462bbf7cdf
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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                : 14 February 2017
                : 16 May 2017
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