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      Impact of Nanoparticles on Brain Health: An Up to Date Overview

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          Abstract

          Nanoparticles are zero-dimensional nanomaterials and, based on their nature, they can be categorized into organic, inorganic, and composites nanoparticles. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles are extensively used in a variety of fields, including medicine, pharmaceutics, and food industry. Although they have the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, it is fundamentally important to develop standardized toxicological studies, which can prevent the induction of neurotoxic effects. The focus of this review is to emphasize both the beneficial and negative effects of nanoparticles on brain health.

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          Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities

          Ibrahim Khan, Khalid Saeed, Idrees Khan (2017)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1119 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Nanoparticle-mediated brain drug delivery: Overcoming blood-brain barrier to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

            Cláudia Saraiva, Catarina Praça, Raquel Conceição Ferreira … (2016)
            The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vital boundary between neural tissue and circulating blood. The BBB's unique and protective features control brain homeostasis as well as ion and molecule movement. Failure in maintaining any of these components results in the breakdown of this specialized multicellular structure and consequently promotes neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In several high incidence pathologies such as stroke, Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) the BBB is impaired. However, even a damaged and more permeable BBB can pose serious challenges to drug delivery into the brain. The use of nanoparticle (NP) formulations able to encapsulate molecules with therapeutic value, while targeting specific transport processes in the brain vasculature, may enhance drug transport through the BBB in neurodegenerative/ischemic disorders and target relevant regions in the brain for regenerative processes. In this review, we will discuss BBB composition and characteristics and how these features are altered in pathology, namely in stroke, AD and PD. Additionally, factors influencing an efficient intravenous delivery of polymeric and inorganic NPs into the brain as well as NP-related delivery systems with the most promising functional outcomes will also be discussed.
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              Recent biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles: A review

              Narges Elahi, Mohammad Hadi Baghersad, Mehdi Kamali (2018)
              Article 0 comments Cited 256 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jcm
                Title: Journal of Clinical Medicine
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2077-0383
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 November 2018
                Publication date Collection: December 2018
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: 490
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; telepapa@ 123456hotmail.com (D.M.T.); raluca.teleanu@ 123456umfcd.ro (R.I.T.)
                [2 ]Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; cristina.chircov@ 123456yahoo.com
                [3 ]Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; grumezescu@ 123456yahoo.com
                [4 ]ICUB—Research Institute of University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 36-46 M. Kogalniceanu Blvd., 050107 Bucharest, Romania
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: avolceanov@ 123456yahoo.co.uk ; Tel.: +4021–402-3997
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-861X
                Article
                Publisher ID: jcm-07-00490
                DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120490
                PMC ID: 6306759
                PubMed ID: 30486404
                SO-VID: e29c623d-6014-4baf-9e72-99e3c4abe054
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 24 October 2018
                Date accepted : 23 November 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: nanoparticles,zero-dimensional,organic nanoparticles,inorganic nanoparticles,diagnosis,treatment,brain diseases,brain tumors,neurodegenerative disorders,brain health
                Data availability:
                Keywords: nanoparticles, zero-dimensional, organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, diagnosis, treatment, brain diseases, brain tumors, neurodegenerative disorders, brain health

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