For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
2
views
30
references
 Top references
cited by
18
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      206
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control, and the Associated Factors of Diabetes in an Iranian Kurdish Population

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Aims

          This study is aimed at estimating the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and glycemic control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated factors in an Iranian Kurdish population.

          Methods

          Baseline data of the Ravansar Non-communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study, consisting of adults aged 35-65 years, were used. Diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 126 mg/dl or higher, being on diabetes medication, and/or diabetes confirmed by a health practitioner.

          Results

          Nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine participants were assigned to this study. The prevalence of DM, awareness, treatment, and glycemic control of DM were 8.19, 74.97, 74.75, and 32.68, respectively. Based on the adjusted models, increased age ( p < 0.01); obesity or overweight ( p < 0.01); being ex-smoker ( p < 0.05); suffering from dyslipidemia ( p < 0.01), hypertension ( p < 0.01), or both of them ( p < 0.01); and positive family history in the first-degree relatives ( p < 0.01) were strongly associated with a high risk of DM, while engagement in regular physical activity ( p < 0.05) was a protective factor. Female gender ( p < 0.01), being older than 55 years, positive family history in the first-degree relatives ( p < 0.01), suffering from both hypertension and dyslipidemia ( p < 0.01), and obesity or overweight ( p < 0.005) were negatively associated with DM awareness. Being married and widowed ( p < 0.05 and <0.05) and a high BMI ( p < 0.01) were strong predictors of receiving treatment for DM. Six to nine years of schooling ( p < 0.05) and suffering from hypertension ( p < 0.05) increased the probability of DM being controlled.

          Conclusions

          When the prevalence of DM is notable, awareness and probability of receiving treatment and controlling FPG are of particular importance. A considerable proportion of the patients were aware and on treatment, which may partly be due to improving primary health care services in Iran.

          Related collections

          Most cited references30

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (the PERSIAN Cohort Study): Rationale, Objectives, and Design.

          Hossein Poustchi, Sareh Eghtesad, Farin Kamangar … (2018)
          Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for 76% of deaths in Iran, and this number is on the rise, in parallel with global rates. Many risk factors associated with NCDs are preventable; however, it is first necessary to conduct observational studies to identify relevant risk factors and the most appropriate approach to controlling them. Iran is a multiethnic country; therefore, in 2014 the Ministry of Health and Medical Education launched a nationwide cohort study-Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN)-in order to identify the most prevalent NCDs among Iran's ethnic groups and to investigate effective methods of prevention. The PERSIAN study consists of 4 population-based cohorts; the adult component (the PERSIAN Cohort Study), described in this article, is a prospective cohort study including 180,000 persons aged 35-70 years from 18 distinct areas of Iran. Upon joining the cohort, participants respond to interviewer-administered questionnaires. Blood, urine, hair, and nail samples are collected and stored. To ensure consistency, centrally purchased equipment is sent to all sites, and the same team trains all personnel. Routine visits and quality assurance/control measures are taken to ensure protocol adherence. Participants are followed for 15 years postenrollment. The PERSIAN study is currently in the enrollment phase; cohort profiles will soon emerge.
          Article 0 comments Cited 292 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review

            Waqas Sami, Tahir Ansari, Nadeem Butt … (2017)
            Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as one of the most common diseases. The etiology of T2DM is complex and is associated with irreversible risk factors such as age, genetic, race, and ethnicity and reversible factors such as diet, physical activity and smoking. The objectives of this review are to examine various studies to explore relationship of T2DM with different dietary habits/patterns and practices and its complications. Dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are the major factors for rapidly rising incidence of DM among developing countries. In type 2 diabetics, recently, elevated HbA1c level has also been considered as one of the leading risk factors for developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Improvement in the elevated HbA1c level can be achieved through diet management; thus, the patients could be prevented from developing the diabetes complications. Awareness about diabetes complications and consequent improvement in dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices lead to better control of the disease. The stakeholders (health-care providers, health facilities, agencies involved in diabetes care, etc.) should encourage patients to understand the importance of diet which may help in disease management, appropriate self-care and better quality of life.
            Article 0 comments Cited 150 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Effectiveness of diabetes and hypertension management by rural primary health-care workers (Behvarz workers) in Iran: a nationally representative observational study.

              Farshad Farzadfar, Christopher Murray, Emmanuela Gakidou … (2012)
              Non-communicable diseases and their risk factors are leading causes of disease burden in Iran and other middle-income countries. Little evidence exists for whether the primary health-care system can effectively manage non-communicable diseases and risk factors at the population level. Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of the Iranian rural primary health-care system (the Behvarz system) in the management of diabetes and hypertension, and to assess whether the effects depend on the number of health-care workers in the community. We used individual-level data from the 2005 Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Survey (NCDSS) for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), body-mass index, medication use, and sociodemographic variables. Data for Behvarz-worker and physician densities were from the 2006 Population and Housing Census and the 2005 Outpatient Care Centre Mapping Survey. We assessed the effectiveness of treatment on FPG and SBP, and associations between FPG or SBP and Behvarz-worker density with two statistical approaches: a mixed-effects regression analysis of the full NCDSS sample adjusting for individual-level and community-level covariates and an analysis that estimated average treatment effect on data balanced with propensity score matching. NCDSS had data for 65,619 individuals aged 25 years or older (11,686 of whom in rural areas); of these, 64,694 (11,521 in rural areas) had data for SBP and 50,202 (9337 in rural areas) had data for FPG. Nationally, 39·2% (95% CI 37·7 to 40·7) of individuals with diabetes and 35·7% (34·9 to 36·5) of those with hypertension received treatment, with higher treatment coverage in women than in men and in urban areas than in rural areas. Treatment lowered mean FPG by an estimated 1·34 mmol/L (0·58 to 2·10) in rural areas and 0·21 mmol/L (-0·15 to 0·56) in urban areas. Individuals in urban areas with hypertension who received treatment had 3·8 mm Hg (3·1 to 4·5) lower SBP than they would have had if they had not received treatment; the treatment effect was 2·5 mm Hg (1·1 to 3·9) lower FPG in rural areas. Each additional Behvarz worker per 1000 adults was associated with a 0·09 mmol/L (0·01 to 0·18) lower district-level average FPG (p=0·02); for SBP this effect was 0·53 mm Hg (-0·44 to 1·50; p=0·28). Our findings were not sensitive to the choice of statistical method. Primary care systems with trained community health-care workers and well established guidelines can be effective in non-communicable disease prevention and management. Iran's primary care system should expand the number and scope of its primary health-care worker programmes to also address blood pressure and to improve performance in areas with few primary care personnel. None. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 101 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Farid Najafi:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-7180
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Diabetes Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Diabetes Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JDR
                Title: Journal of Diabetes Research
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6745
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6753
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 September 2019
                Volume: 2019
                Electronic Location Identifier: 5869206
                Affiliations
                1Department of Epidemiology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
                2Department of Health Promotion, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
                3School of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
                4Department of Nutrition, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Rosa Fernandes

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-572X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-7180
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2019/5869206
                PMC ID: 6745166
                PubMed ID: 31565657
                SO-VID: e40cad01-50da-4886-9555-8bcbc86243ab
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019 Roya Safari-Faramani et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 12 March 2019
                Date revision received : 25 June 2019
                Date accepted : 17 August 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Data availability:

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content206

                See all similar

                Cited by16

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors499

                See all reference authors