For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
28
views
172
references
 Top references
cited by
24
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      318
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Applications and toxicity of graphene family nanomaterials and their composites

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Graphene has attracted much attention of scientific community due to its enormous potential in different fields, including medical sciences, agriculture, food safety, cancer research, and tissue engineering. The potential for widespread human exposure raises safety concerns about graphene and its derivatives, referred to as graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs). Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, graphene and its derivatives have found important places in their respective application fields, yet they are being found to have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects too. Since the discovery of graphene, a number of researches are being conducted to find out the toxic potential of GFNs to different cell and animal models, finding their suitability for being used in new and varied innovative fields. This paper presents a systematic review of the research done on GFNs and gives an insight into the mode and action of these nanosized moieties. The paper also emphasizes on the recent and up-to-date developments in research on GFNs and their nanocomposites for their toxic effects.

          Video abstract

          Related collections

          Most cited references172

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

          S. Morozov, K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim … (2007)
          We report a naturally-occurring two-dimensional material (graphene that can be viewed as a gigantic flat fullerene molecule, describe its electronic properties and demonstrate all-metallic field-effect transistor, which uniquely exhibits ballistic transport at submicron distances even at room temperature.
          Article 0 comments Cited 5887 times – based on 0 reviews
          Preprint
               Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Water desalination across nanoporous graphene.

            David Cohen-Tanugi, Jeffrey C. Grossman (2012)
            We show that nanometer-scale pores in single-layer freestanding graphene can effectively filter NaCl salt from water. Using classical molecular dynamics, we report the desalination performance of such membranes as a function of pore size, chemical functionalization, and applied pressure. Our results indicate that the membrane's ability to prevent the salt passage depends critically on pore diameter with adequately sized pores allowing for water flow while blocking ions. Further, an investigation into the role of chemical functional groups bonded to the edges of graphene pores suggests that commonly occurring hydroxyl groups can roughly double the water flux thanks to their hydrophilic character. The increase in water flux comes at the expense of less consistent salt rejection performance, which we attribute to the ability of hydroxyl functional groups to substitute for water molecules in the hydration shell of the ions. Overall, our results indicate that the water permeability of this material is several orders of magnitude higher than conventional reverse osmosis membranes, and that nanoporous graphene may have a valuable role to play for water purification.
            Article 0 comments Cited 416 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Water desalination using nanoporous single-layer graphene.

              Sumedh Surwade, Sergei Smirnov, Ivan Vlassiouk … (2015)
              By creating nanoscale pores in a layer of graphene, it could be used as an effective separation membrane due to its chemical and mechanical stability, its flexibility and, most importantly, its one-atom thickness. Theoretical studies have indicated that the performance of such membranes should be superior to state-of-the-art polymer-based filtration membranes, and experimental studies have recently begun to explore their potential. Here, we show that single-layer porous graphene can be used as a desalination membrane. Nanometre-sized pores are created in a graphene monolayer using an oxygen plasma etching process, which allows the size of the pores to be tuned. The resulting membranes exhibit a salt rejection rate of nearly 100% and rapid water transport. In particular, water fluxes of up to 10(6) g m(-2) s(-1) at 40 °C were measured using pressure difference as a driving force, while water fluxes measured using osmotic pressure as a driving force did not exceed 70 g m(-2) s(-1) atm(-1).
              Article 0 comments Cited 385 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanotechnol Sci Appl
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanotechnol Sci Appl
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Nanotechnology, Science and Applications
                Title: Nanotechnology, Science and Applications
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 1177-8903
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 March 2016
                Volume: 9
                Pages: 15-28
                Affiliations
                Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Zorawar Singh, Department of Zoology, Khalsa College, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India, Tel +91 94 1723 0075, Email zorawarsinghs@ 123456rediffmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: nsa-9-015
                DOI: 10.2147/NSA.S101818
                PMC ID: 4803243
                PubMed ID: 27051278
                SO-VID: e51e8518-1fc7-4779-940d-65daf98657a6
                Copyright © © 2016 Singh. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited
                License:

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: graphene,quantum dots,desalination,drug delivery,antibacterial,cytotoxicity,genotoxicity
                Data availability:
                Keywords: graphene, quantum dots, desalination, drug delivery, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content318

                See all similar

                Cited by24

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors2,825

                See all reference authors