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      Epidemiological Study of Rickettsial Infections in Patients with Hypertransaminemia in Madrid (Spain)

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          Abstract

          A retrospective analysis was performed to detect anti-rickettsial antibodies in the serum of patients with hypertransaminemia of unknown etiology, and in that of healthy members of the general population of Madrid (Spain). Among 143 patients 16 (11.2%) were positive for anti- R. conorii IgG antibodies and 7% for R. typhi. PCR analysis was performed in patients with IgM antibodies. Among 143 healthy subjects from the general population, seven (4.9%) were positive for anti- R. conorii IgG antibodies, and 2.8% for R. typhi. These results show that anti-rickettsial antibodies are more commonly detected in patients with hypertransaminemia than in healthy people.

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          Genotypic identification of rickettsiae and estimation of intraspecies sequence divergence for portions of two rickettsial genes.

          R Regnery, C L Spruill, B D Plikaytis (1991)
          DNA sequences from specific genes, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction technique, were used as substrata for nonisotopic restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism differentiation of rickettsial species and genotypes. The products amplified using a single pair of oligonucleotide primers (derived from a rickettsial citrate synthase gene sequence) and cleaved with restriction endonucleases were used to differentiate almost all recognized species of rickettsiae. A second set of primers was used for differentiation of all recognized species of closely related spotted fever group rickettsiae. The procedure circumvents many technical obstacles previously associated with identification of rickettsial species. Multiple amplified DNA digest patterns were used to estimate the intraspecies nucleotide sequence divergence for the genes coding for rickettsial citrate synthase and a large antigen-coding gene of the spotted fever group rickettsiae. The estimated relationships deduced from these genotypic data correlate reasonably well with established rickettsial taxonomic schemes.
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            Clinical and laboratory features of murine typhus in south Texas, 1980 through 1987.

            J Dumler, J. Taylor, D H Walker (1991)
            --The clinical and laboratory features of patients with murine typhus have not been extensively reviewed since 1946. We have updated these findings in patients from south Texas who were examined by modern clinical and laboratory methods from 1980 through 1987. --Patients were identified by serological methods in this case series, and clinical, epidemiologic, laboratory, and therapeutic data were compiled and analyzed. --The majority of patients (77 of 80) were identified in a primary care community hospital setting; the remainder (3 of 80) were ambulatory hospital outpatients. --From 1980 through 1987, a total of 345 patients were diagnosed with murine typhus; 90 of these patients were seen at four hospitals in south Texas; of these, 80 had clinical and laboratory data available for review. --The frequency of common clinical manifestations (eg, headache, fever, and rash) and laboratory findings (eg, leukocyte and platelet counts and serum chemistry abnormalities) of patients with infectious diseases was tabulated. Clinical severity was semiquantitatively assessed and was correlated with clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic results. --Most cases (69%) occurred from April through August. Rash occurred in 54%; the triad of fever, headache, and rash was observed in only 12.5% of patients when first examined by a physician; respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms were also frequent. Multiple organ involvement was documented by frequent abnormal laboratory findings of the hematologic, respiratory, hepatic, and renal systems. Disease severity was related to older patient age, the presence of renal dysfunction, leukocytosis, and hypoalbuminemia, and previous therapy with sulfa antibiotics. --Infection by Rickettsia typhi causes a systemic illness with clinical and laboratory abnormalities not previously recognized or described. Early clinical diagnosis and treatment are needed to avoid undue morbidity and mortality.
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              Cluster of cases of human Rickettsia felis infection from Southern Europe (Spain) diagnosed by PCR.

              Aránzazu Portillo, Laura Pérez, José Oteo … (2006)
              The first cluster of cases of human Rickettsia felis infection in Spain diagnosed by PCR is reported.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 101238455
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Print): October 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 September 2009
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 2526-2533
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain; E-Mails: rgonzalezpa@ 123456yahoo.es (R.G.); isabel.gegundez@ 123456uah.es (M.I.G.); mbeldub@ 123456yahoo.es (M.B.); josev.saz@ 123456uah.es (J.V.S.)
                [2 ] Department of Microbiology, Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias”, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: lourdes.lledo@ 123456uah.es ; Tel.: +34-918854794; Fax: +34-918854663.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-06-02526
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6102526
                PMC ID: 2790090
                PubMed ID: 20054452
                SO-VID: e593aecf-6750-4d08-9b1c-537bf2974bd8
                Copyright © © 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 19 August 2009
                Date accepted : 23 September 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: liver dysfunction,rickettsiae,hypertransaminemia,prevalence,spain
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: liver dysfunction, rickettsiae, hypertransaminemia, prevalence, spain

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