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      Efecto de las condiciones de crecimiento y composición del medio de cultivo sobre la producción de bacteriocina de Enterococcus mundtii Tw56 Translated title: Effect of growth conditions and culture medium composition on bacteriocin production by Enterococcus mundtii Tw56

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          Abstract

          Enterococcus mundtii Tw56 es una cepa productora de bacteriocina que fue aislada del contenido intestinal de pejerrey (Odontesthes sp.). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar los factores fisicoquímicos y la composición del medio de cultivo para lograr un mayor rendimiento de células viables y producción de bacteriocina. No se observaron cambios en la producción del antimicrobiano cuando la glucosa fue sustituida por fructosa o maltosa en la formulación del medio MRS. Por el contrario, la mayor actividad de las bacteriocinas se obtuvo cuando se utilizó el extracto de carne como fuente única de nitrógeno. Mientras que la máxima biomasa se alcanzó a 35 °C, las temperaturas óptimas para la producción de bacteriocina se observaron a 25 y 30 °C. El pH inicial óptimo para el crecimiento celular y bioactividad fue 6,5, ambos parámetros disminuyeron cuando la experiencia comenzó a pH 6,0 o 5,5. La formación de biomasa y la producción de bacteriocina disminuyeron en presencia de cloruro de sodio. La cepa comenzó a producir bacteriocina en la fase exponencial tardía. La actividad aumentó en función de la masa celular y alcanzó el máximo al final de la fase exponencial (12 h). Una disminución de la actividad antimicrobiana se observó en la fase estacionaria (16 h), posiblemente debido a la degradación por enzimas proteolíticas.

          Translated abstract

          Enterococcus mundtii Tw56 is a bacteriocin-producing strain that was isolated from intestinal content of silverside (Odontesthes sp.). The aim of the present work was to determine physicochemical factors and culture medium composition for higher yield of viable cells and bacteriocin production. No changes were observed in the antimicrobial production when glucose was replaced by fructose or maltose in the MRS medium formulation. On the other hand, highest bacteriocin activity was obtained when meat extract was used as a sole nitrogen source. While the maximun biomass was achieved at 35 ºC, the optimal temperatures for bacteriocin production were observed at 25 and 30 ºC. The optimal initial pH for cell growth and bioactivity was 6.5, both parameters dropped when the experience started at pH 6.0 or 5.5. Biomass formation and bacteriocin production decreased in the presence of sodium chloride. The strain started producing the bacteriocin at the late exponential phase. The activity increased as a function of the cell mass and reached the maximun at the end of exponential phase (12 h). A decrease of antimicrobial activity was observed in the stationary phase (16 h), possibly due to degradation by proteolitic enzimes.

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          Archaea in coastal marine environments.

          E Delong (1992)
          Archaea (archaebacteria) are a phenotypically diverse group of microorganisms that share a common evolutionary history. There are four general phenotypic groups of archaea: the methanogens, the extreme halophiles, the sulfate-reducing archaea, and the extreme thermophiles. In the marine environment, archaeal habitats are generally limited to shallow or deep-sea anaerobic sediments (free-living and endosymbiotic methanogens), hot springs or deep-sea hydrothermal vents (methanogens, sulfate reducers, and extreme thermophiles), and highly saline land-locked seas (halophiles). This report provides evidence for the widespread occurrence of unusual archaea in oxygenated coastal surface waters of North America. Quantitative estimates indicated that up to 2% of the total ribosomal RNA extracted from coastal bacterioplankton assemblages was archaeal. Archaeal small-subunit ribosomal RNA-encoding DNAs (rDNAs) were cloned from mixed bacterioplankton populations collected at geographically distant sampling sites. Phylogenetic and nucleotide signature analyses of these cloned rDNAs revealed the presence of two lineages of archaea, each sharing the diagnostic signatures and structural features previously established for the domain Archaea. Both of these lineages were found in bacterioplankton populations collected off the east and west coasts of North America. The abundance and distribution of these archaea in oxic coastal surface waters suggests that these microorganisms represent undescribed physiological types of archaea, which reside and compete with aerobic, mesophilic eubacteria in marine coastal environments.
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            Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.

            Lactic acid bacteria produce a variety of bacteriocins that have recently come under detailed investigation. The biochemical and genetic characteristics of these antimicrobial proteins are reviewed and common elements are discussed between the different classes of bacteriocins produced by these Gram-positive bacteria.
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              Diversity of enterococcal bacteriocins and their grouping in a new classification scheme.

              Enterococci are lactic acid bacteria of importance in food, public health and medical microbiology. Many strains produce bacteriocins, some of which have been well characterized. This review describes the structural and genetic characteristics of enterocins, the bacteriocins produced by enterococci. Some of these can be grouped with typical bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria according to traditional classification, whereas others are atypical and structurally distinct from the general classes of bacteriocins. These atypical enterocins recently played an important role in and prompted reclassification of the class II bacteriocins into a new scheme. In this review, a more simplified classification scheme for enterocins based on amino acid sequence homologies is proposed. Enterocins are of interest for their diversity and potential for use as food biopreservatives. The emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant enterococci among agents of nosocomial disease and the presence of virulence factors among food isolates requires a careful safety evaluation of isolates intended for potential biotechnical use. Nevertheless, enterococcal bacteriocins produced by heterologous hosts or added as cell-free preparations may still be attractive for application in food preservation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                biote
                Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología
                Rev. colomb. biotecnol
                Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá )
                0123-3475
                December 2014
                : 16
                : 2
                : 174-179
                Affiliations
                [1 ] universidad nacional de la patagonia Argentina
                Article
                S0123-34752014000200021
                10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v16n2.47238
                e5d8ad89-8b6d-47df-9d76-ed7b1fa5870f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0123-3475&lng=en
                Categories
                BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

                Biotechnology
                Enterococcus mundtii Tw56,bacteriocin,bacteriocina,factores fisicoquímicos,medio de cultivo,physicochemical factors,culture medium

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