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      Novel Lyssavirus in Natterer’s Bat, Germany

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          Abstract

          A virus isolated from a Natterer’s bat ( Myotis nattererii) in Germany was differentiated from other lyssaviruses on the basis of the reaction pattern of a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Phylogenetic analysis supported the assumption that the isolated virus, Bokeloh bat lyssavirus, may represent a new member of the genus Lyssavirus.

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          Heminested PCR assay for detection of six genotypes of rabies and rabies-related viruses.

          Lorraine McElhinney, Saoirse E O'Sullivan, Richard Whitby … (1997)
          A heminested reverse transcriptase PCR (hnRT-PCR) protocol which is rapid and sensitive for the detection of rabies virus and rabies-related viruses is described. Sixty isolates from six of the seven genotypes of rabies and rabies-related viruses were screened successfully by hnRT-PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Of the 60 isolates, 93% (56 of 60) were positive by external PCR, while all isolates were detected by heminested PCR and Southern blot hybridization. We also report on a comparison of the sensitivity of the standard fluorescent-antibody test (FAT) for rabies antigen and that of hnRT-PCR for rabies viral RNA with degraded tissue infected with a genotype 1 virus. Results indicated that FAT failed to detect viral antigen in brain tissue that was incubated at 37 degrees C for greater than 72 h, while hnRT-PCR detected viral RNA in brain tissue that was incubated at 37 degrees C for 360 h.
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            Shimoni bat virus, a new representative of the Lyssavirus genus.

            Ivan Kuzmin, Anne E. Mayer, Michael Niezgoda … (2010)
            During 2009, 616 bats representing at least 22 species were collected from 10 locations throughout Kenya. A new lyssavirus, named Shimoni bat virus (SHIBV), was isolated from the brain of a dead Commerson's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni), found in a cave in the coastal region of Kenya. Genetic distances and phylogenetic reconstructions, implemented for each gene and for the concatenated alignment of all five structural genes (N, P, M, G and L), demonstrated that SHIBV cannot be identified with any of the existing species, but rather should be considered an independent species within phylogroup II of the Lyssavirus genus, most similar to Lagos bat virus (LBV). Antigenic reaction patterns with anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies corroborated these distinctions. In addition, new data on the diversity of LBV suggests that this species may be subdivided quantitatively into three separate genotypes. However, the identity values alone are not considered sufficient criteria for demarcation of new species within LBV. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Human rabies due to lyssavirus infection of bat origin.

              N. Johnson, A. Vos, C Freuling … (2010)
              Rabies is a fatal viral encephalitis and results from infection with viruses belonging to the genus Lyssavirus. Infection usually results from a bite from a dog infected with classical rabies virus. However, a small number of cases result from contact with bats. It is within bats that most lyssavirus variants, referred to as genotypes, are found. The lyssaviruses found in bats have a distinct geographical distribution and are often restricted to specific bat species. Most have been associated with rabies in humans and in some cases spill-over to domestic animals. Many diagnostic techniques are unable to differentiate rabies virus from other genotypes so it is possible that some human and animal cases go unreported. Furthermore, current vaccines have limited efficacy against some genotypes. Crown Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): August 2011
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1519-1522
                Affiliations
                [1]Author affiliations: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Wusterhausen, Germany (C.M. Freuling, F.J. Conraths, J. Kliemt, T. Müller);
                [2]Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (M. Beer, S. Finke, B. Hoffmann, T.C. Mettenleiter, J.P. Teifke);
                [3]Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Hannover, Germany (B. Keller);
                [4]Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union, Berlin, Germany (E. Mühlbach);
                [5]University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover (P. Wohlsein)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Conrad M. Freuling, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany; email: conrad.freuling@ 123456fli.bund.de
                Article
                Publisher ID: 11-0201
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.110201
                PMC ID: 3381583
                PubMed ID: 21801640
                SO-VID: e680f905-a901-4c0a-a528-e1b898984c40
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: viruses,rabies,dispatch,lyssavirus,bats,sequence analysis,germany,zoonosis,myotis nattereri,natterer’s bat
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: viruses, rabies, dispatch, lyssavirus, bats, sequence analysis, germany, zoonosis, myotis nattereri, natterer’s bat

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