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      Lungenembolie Translated title: Pulmonary embolism

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          Abstract

          Die Lungenembolie ist eine häufige kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung mit Abnahme der Mortalität, aber Zunahme der Inzidenz in den letzten Jahren. Dank der Optimierung klinischer Wahrscheinlichkeitsscores und der Interpretation des D‑Dimer-Tests können unnötige computertomographische Untersuchungen im Hinblick auf den Ausschluss einer akuten Lungenembolie vermieden werden – auch bei Schwangeren. Die Einschätzung des rechten Ventrikels trägt zu einer risikoadaptierten Behandlung bei. Die Behandlung besteht in einer Antikoagulation, allein oder in Kombination mit einer Reperfusionsbehandlung wie der systemischen Thrombolyse, aber auch der kathetergestützten oder operativen Therapie. Neben der Akuttherapie der Lungenembolie ist eine adäquate Nachsorge insbesondere zur Früherkennung von Langzeitfolgen wichtig. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden aktuelle Empfehlungen internationaler Leitlinien für Patienten mit Lungenembolie zusammengefasst, durch klinische Fallbeispiele begleitet und kritisch diskutiert.

          Translated abstract

          Pulmonary embolism is a frequent cardiovascular disease which in recent years has shown a reduction in the mortality but an increase in the incidence. Due to the optimization of clinical probability scores and the interpretation of the D‑dimer test, unnecessary examinations using computed tomography with respect to the exclusion of an acute pulmonary embolism can be avoided, also in pregnant women. The evaluation of the right ventricle contributes to a risk-adapted treatment. Treatment consists of anticoagulation, alone or in combination with reperfusion treatment, such as systemic thrombolysis and also catheter-assisted or surgical treatment. In addition to acute treatment of pulmonary embolisms, an adequate aftercare is important, particularly for the early detection of long-term sequelae. This review article summarizes the current recommendations of international guidelines for patients with pulmonary embolism, accompanied by clinical case examples and a critical discussion.

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          Most cited references25

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          2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS)

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            2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism.

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              Global Burden of Thrombosis: Table.

              Thromboembolic conditions were estimated to account for 1 in 4 deaths worldwide in 2010 and are the leading cause of mortality. Thromboembolic conditions are divided into arterial and venous thrombotic conditions. Ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke comprise the major arterial thromboses and deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism comprise venous thromboembolism. Atrial fibrillation is a major risk factor for stroke and systemic arterial thromboembolism. Estimates of the global burden of disease were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Project reports, recent systematic reviews, and searching the published literature for recent studies reporting measures of incidence, burden, and disability-adjusted life-years. Estimates per 100 000 of the global incidence rate (IR) for each condition are ischemic heart disease, IR=1518.7; myocardial infarction, IR=139.3; ischemic stroke, IR=114.3; atrial fibrillation, IR=77.5 in males and 59.5 in females; and venous thromboembolism, IR=115 to 269. Mortality rates (MRs) for each condition are ischemic heart disease, MR=105.5; ischemic stroke, MR=42.3; atrial fibrillation, MR=1.7; and venous thromboembolism, MR=9.4 to 32.3. Global public awareness is substantially lower for pulmonary embolism (54%) and deep-vein thrombosis (44%) than heart attack (88%) and stroke (85%). Over time, the incidence and MRs of these conditions have improved in developed countries, but are increasing in developing countries. Public health efforts to measure disease burden and increase awareness of symptoms and risk factors need to improve, particularly in low- and middle-income regions to address this leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                lukas.hobohm@unimedizin-mainz.de
                Journal
                Z Pneumologie
                Zeitschrift Für Pneumologie
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                2731-7404
                2731-7412
                26 May 2023
                : 1-10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.410607.4, Centrum für Thrombose und Hämostase, , Universitätsmedizin Mainz, ; Mainz, Deutschland
                [2 ]GRID grid.410607.4, Kardiologie I, Zentrum für Kardiologie, , Universitätsmedizin Mainz, ; Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Deutschland
                [3 ]GRID grid.5253.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0328 4908, Innere Medizin VII, , Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, ; Heidelberg, Deutschland
                Author notes
                [Wissenschaftliche Leitung]

                S. Eisenmann, Halle (Saale)

                C. Geßner, Leipzig

                O. Karg, Gauting

                H. Olschewski, Graz

                Article
                508
                10.1007/s10405-023-00508-x
                10215045
                e6b2299c-270f-4af7-b13c-b1327bfd9403
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2023

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Categories
                CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

                lungenembolie/prognose,risikostratifizierung,thrombolyse,antikoagulanzien,nachsorge,pulmonary embolism/prognosis,risk stratification,thrombolytic therapy,anticoagulants,aftercare

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