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      Combined hysteroscopy-laparoscopy approach for excision of pelvic nitinol fragment from Essure contraceptive device: Role of intraoperative fluoroscopy for uterine conservation

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          Abstract

          We describe the successful removal of a pelvic contraceptive coil in a symptomatic 46-year-old patient who had Essure devices for four years, using a combined hysteroscopy-laparoscopy-fluoroscopy approach. Following normal hysteroscopy, at laparoscopy the right Essure implant was disrupted and its outer nitinol coil had perforated the fallopian tube. However, the inner rod (containing polyethylene terephthalate) had migrated to an extrapelvic location, near the proximal colon. In contrast, the left implant was situated within the corresponding tube. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was used to confirm complete removal of the device, which was further verified by postoperative computed tomography. The patient's condition improved after surgery and she continues to do well. This is the first report to describe this technique in managing Essure complications remote from time of insertion. Our case highlights the value and limitations of preoperative and intraoperative imaging to map Essure fragment location before surgery.

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          Most cited references14

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          Intraoperative cone-beam CT for guidance of head and neck surgery: Assessment of dose and image quality using a C-arm prototype.

          Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with a flat-panel detector represents a promising modality for intraoperative imaging in interventional procedures, demonstrating sub-mm three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution and soft-tissue visibility. Measurements of patient dose and in-room exposure for CBCT-guided head and neck surgery are reported, and the 3D imaging performance as a function of dose and other acquisition/reconstruction parameters is investigated. Measurements were performed on a mobile isocentric C-arm (Siemens PowerMobil) modified in collaboration with Siemens Medical Solutions (Erlangen, Germany) to provide flat-panel CBCT. Imaging dose was measured in a custom-built 16 cm cylindrical head phantom at four positions (isocenter, anterior, posterior, and lateral) as a function of kVp (80-120 kVp) and C-arm trajectory ("tube-under" and "tube-over" half-rotation orbits). At 100 kVp, for example ("tube-under" orbit), the imaging dose was 0.059 (isocenter), 0.022 (anterior), 0.10 (posterior), and 0.056 (lateral) mGy/ mAs, with scans at approximately 50 and approximately 170 mAs typical for visualization of bony and soft-tissue structures, respectively. Dose to radiosensitive structures (viz., the eyes and thyroid) were considered in particular: significant dose sparing to the eyes (a factor of 5) was achieved using a "tube-under" (rather than "tube-over") half-rotation orbit; a thyroid shield (0.5 mm Pb-equivalent) gave moderate reduction in thyroid dose due to x-ray scatter outside the primary field of view. In-room exposure was measured at positions around the operating table and up to 2 m from isocenter. A typical CBCT scan (10 mGy to isocenter) gave in-air exposure ranging from 29 mR (0.26 mSv) at 35 cm from isocenter, to <0.5 mR (<0.005 mSv) at 2 m from isocenter. Three-dimensional (3D) image quality was assessed in CBCT reconstructions of an anthropomorphic head phantom containing contrast-detail spheres (11-103 HU; 1.6-12.7 mm) and a natural human skeleton. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was evaluated across a broad range of dose (0.6-23.3 mGy). CNR increased as the square root of dose, with excellent visualization of bony and soft-tissue structures achieved at approximately 3 mGy (0.10 mSv) and approximately 10 mGy (0.35 mSv), respectively. The prototype C-arm demonstrates CBCT image quality sufficient for guidance of head and neck procedures based on soft-tissue and bony anatomy at dose levels low enough for repeat intraoperative imaging, with total dose over the course of the procedure comparable to or less than the effective dose of a typical (2 mSv) diagnostic CT of the head.
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            Revisiting Essure — Toward Safe and Effective Sterilization

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              Intraoperative planning and evaluation of permanent prostate brachytherapy: report of the American Brachytherapy Society.

              The preplanned technique used for permanent prostate brachytherapy has limitations that may be overcome by intraoperative planning. The goal of the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) project was to assess the current intraoperative planning process and explore the potential for improvement in intraoperative treatment planning (ITP). Members of the ABS with expertise in ITP performed a literature review, reviewed their clinical experience with ITP, and explored the potential for improving the technique. The ABS proposes the following terminology in regard to prostate planning process: *Preplanning--Creation of a plan a few days or weeks before the implant procedure. *Intraoperative planning--Treatment planning in the operating room (OR): the patient and transrectal ultrasound probe are not moved between the volume study and the seed insertion procedure. * Intraoperative preplanning--Creation of a plan in the OR just before the implant procedure, with immediate execution of the plan. *Interactive planning--Stepwise refinement of the treatment plan using computerized dose calculations derived from image-based needle position feedback. *Dynamic dose calculation--Constant updating of dose distribution calculations using continuous deposited seed position feedback. Both intraoperative preplanning and interactive planning are currently feasible and commercially available and may help to overcome many of the limitations of the preplanning technique. Dosimetric feedback based on imaged needle positions can be used to modify the ITP. However, the dynamic changes in prostate size and shape and in seed position that occur during the implant are not yet quantifiable with current technology, and ITP does not obviate the need for postimplant dosimetric analysis. The major current limitation of ITP is the inability to localize the seeds in relation to the prostate. Dynamic dose calculation can become a reality once these issues are solved. Future advances can be expected in methods of enhancing seed identification, in imaging techniques, and in the development of better source delivery systems. Additionally, ITP should be correlated with outcome studies, using dosimetric, toxicity, and efficacy endpoints. ITP addresses many of the limitations of current permanent prostate brachytherapy and has some advantages over the preplanned technique. Further technologic advancement will be needed to achieve dynamic real-time calculation of dose distribution from implanted sources, with constant updating to allow modification of subsequent seed placement and consistent, ideal dose distribution within the target volume.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Obstet Gynecol Sci
                Obstet Gynecol Sci
                OGS
                Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
                Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Korean Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health; Korean Society of Gynecologic Endocrinology; Korean Society of Gynecologic Endoscopy and Minimal Invasive Surgery; Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine; Korean Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology; Korean Urogynecologic Society
                2287-8572
                2287-8580
                July 2016
                13 July 2016
                : 59
                : 4
                : 337-341
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Reproductive Research Section, Center for Advanced Genetics, Carlsbad, CA, USA.
                [2 ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saddleback Memorial Medical Center, Laguna Hills, CA, USA.
                [3 ]Molecular and Applied Biosciences Department, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK.
                [4 ]Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: E. Scott Sills. Reproductive Research Section, Center for Advanced Genetics, 3144 El Camino Real, Suite 106, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA. Tel: +1-760-994-0156, Fax: +1-760-994-0159, drsills@ 123456CAGivf.com
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7334-1031
                Article
                10.5468/ogs.2016.59.4.337
                4958684
                27462605
                e706bdf7-4af6-4cb7-9018-1593939bc77d
                Copyright © 2016 Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

                Articles published in Obstet Gynecol Sci are open-access, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 January 2016
                : 28 February 2016
                : 28 February 2016
                Categories
                Case Report
                Reproductive Endocrinology

                essure removal,fragmentation,hysteroscopy,laparoscopy,migration

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