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      Pilot study of a brief psychological intervention for reducing emotional exhaustion and secondary traumatic stress among physicians of intensive care units in Mexico Translated title: Estudio piloto de una intervención psicológica breve para reducir el agotamiento emocional y el estrés traumático secundario en personal médico de las unidades de cuidados intensivos en México

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction Physicians of Intensive Care Units (ICU) have a potential risk to develop negative outcomes such as emotional exhaustion and secondary traumatic stress (STS). Specifically, job demands in these units (i.e., work stressors and emotional effort) may positively predict these outcomes, whereas personal resources such as harmonious passion and self-compassion may diminish them. Objetive To design a specific intervention for physicians in ICU and provide preliminary evidence of its effectiveness. Method A brief intervention of five weekly sessions (two hour-sessions) was carried out with four physicians in ICU in a hospital in Mexico. Other four physicians were selected as a control group. The intervention was aimed at reducing emotional exhaustion and STS by increasing harmonious passion and self-compassion, and diminishing the emotional effort. Results The intervention group showed a significant reduction in: a) work stressors (2/4 physicians; RCI = .21); emotional effort (1/4 physicians; (RCI = .60); emotional exhaustion (2/4 physicians; RCI = .34); and STS (3/4 physicians; RCI = .26). One physician experienced a significant increase in harmonious passion (RCI = 1.00), but the intervention seems to maintain high levels of this and self-compassion in comparison with the control group. The control group showed a worse result in its outcomes. Discussion and conclusion Despite the limitations, this study provides preliminary evidence for effectively reducing emotional exhaustion and STS. Our findings highlight the individual analysis of the effective tools per physician and address interventions focused on harmonious passion and self-compassion. This study calls for future research concerning intervention proposals in ICU with follow-up measures to diminish the negative consequences in the long-term.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción Los médicos de las unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) presentan un riesgo de desarrollar agotamiento emocional y estrés traumático secundario (ETS). Las demandas laborales en estas unidades (estresores laborales y esfuerzo emocional) pueden predecir positivamente estos resultados, mientras que los recursos personales como la pasión armoniosa y la autocompasión pueden disminuirlos. Objetivo Diseñar una intervención específica para médicos de UCI y proporcionar evidencia preliminar de su efectividad. Método Se realizó una intervención de cinco sesiones semanales (de dos horas de duración cada una) con cuatro médicos de una UCI en un hospital de México. Otros cuatro médicos fueron seleccionados como grupo control. El objetivo fue reducir el agotamiento emocional y el ETS mediante el aumento la pasión armoniosa y la autocompasión; y la disminución del esfuerzo emocional. Resultados En el grupo de intervención se halló una disminución significativa en: a) estresores laborales (2/4 médicos; RCI = .21); esfuerzo emocional (1/4 médicos; RCI = .60); agotamiento emocional (2/4 médicos; RCI = .34); y ETS (3/4 médicos; RCI = .26). Un médico experimentó un aumento significativo en la pasión armoniosa (RCI = 1.00), en tanto que el resto mantuvo altos niveles de ésta y autocompasión en comparación con el grupo control. Discusión y conclusión A pesar de las limitaciones, este estudio proporciona evidencia preliminar para reducir el agotamiento emocional y el ETS. Nuestros hallazgos destacan el análisis individual de las herramientas efectivas y destaca las intervenciones centradas en la pasión armoniosa y la autocompasión. Nuestro estudio recalca la importancia de desarrollar investigaciones futuras sobre intervenciones en UCI con medidas de seguimiento que puedan disminuir las consecuencias negativas a largo plazo.

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          Most cited references41

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          Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward.

          The job demands-resources (JD-R) model was introduced in the international literature 15 years ago (Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2001). The model has been applied in thousands of organizations and has inspired hundreds of empirical articles, including 1 of the most downloaded articles of the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (Bakker, Demerouti, & Euwema, 2005). This article provides evidence for the buffering role of various job resources on the impact of various job demands on burnout. In the present article, we look back on the first 10 years of the JD-R model (2001-2010), and discuss how the model matured into JD-R theory (2011-2016). Moreover, we look at the future of the theory and outline which new issues in JD-R theory are worthwhile of investigation. We also discuss practical applications. It is our hope that JD-R theory will continue to inspire researchers and practitioners who want to promote employee well-being and effective organizational functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record
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            Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.

            In 1984, Jacobson, Follette, and Revenstorf defined clinically significant change as the extent to which therapy moves someone outside the range of the dysfunctional population or within the range of the functional population. In the present article, ways of operationalizing this definition are described, and examples are used to show how clients can be categorized on the basis of this definition. A reliable change index (RC) is also proposed to determine whether the magnitude of change for a given client is statistically reliable. The inclusion of the RC leads to a twofold criterion for clinically significant change.
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              Weekly work engagement and flourishing: The role of hindrance and challenge job demands

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Salud mental
                Salud Ment
                Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (México, DF, Mexico )
                0185-3325
                October 2020
                : 43
                : 5
                : 219-226
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología Spain
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de Guadalajara orgdiv1Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Mexico
                Article
                S0185-33252020000500219 S0185-3325(20)04300500219
                10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2020.030
                e856f44a-4b92-41e9-b6b6-698bb0a0b447

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 July 2020
                : 22 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Original articles

                self-compassion,harmonious passion,unidades de cuidados intensivos,Personal médico,emotional effort,esfuerzo emocional,Physicians,autocompasión,intensive care units,pasión armoniosa,intervention,intervención

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