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      Paleogenómica y bioarqueología en México Translated title: Paleogenomics and bioarcheology in Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen El adn antiguo se ha convertido en una herramienta importante de la investigación bioarqueológica. Los avances en métodos de laboratorio y secuenciación han hecho posible la recuperación de genomas completos a partir de restos humanos antiguos. La aplicación de los métodos paleogenómicos al estudio del abundante patrimonio cultural de México representa un gran potencial para investigar diversos escenarios de interés bioarqueológico, como lo son; el estudio de la diversidad poblacional humana antigua y la paleopatología, entre otros. Sin embargo, el estudio del adnantiguo es inherentemente destructivo y tiene consecuencias irreversibles para el manejo sustentable de los recursos culturales. En este artículo presentamos un breve resumen de la historia de la investigación con adn antiguo y sus aplicaciones a la bioarqueología mexicana. Discutimos algunas preocupaciones éticas del muestreo destructivo y proveemos recomendaciones para conducir investigación ética y sustentable con restos esqueléticos humanos de contextos mexicanos y latinoamericanos. Concluimos con una reflexión sobre el futuro del campo de la paleogenómica en México.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Ancient dna has become an important tool for bioarchaeological research. Advances in laboratory and sequencing methods now make it possible to recover complete genomes from ancient human remains. The application of paleogenomics methods to the abundant cultural patrimony of Mexico holds great promise for addressing many questions of bioarcheological interest such as the study of ancient population diversity and paleopathology, among others. However, the study of ancient dna is inherently destructive and has irreversible consequences for the sustainable management of cultural resources. In this paper we present a brief overview of the history of ancient dna research and its application to Mexican bioarchaeology. We also discuss some of the ethical concerns surrounding destructive sampling and provide recommendations for conducting ethical and sustainable research with human skeletal remains in Mexican and Latin American contexts. We conclude with our thoughts regarding the future of the field of paleogenomics in Mexico.

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          DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

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            Coming of age: ten years of next-generation sequencing technologies.

            Since the completion of the human genome project in 2003, extraordinary progress has been made in genome sequencing technologies, which has led to a decreased cost per megabase and an increase in the number and diversity of sequenced genomes. An astonishing complexity of genome architecture has been revealed, bringing these sequencing technologies to even greater advancements. Some approaches maximize the number of bases sequenced in the least amount of time, generating a wealth of data that can be used to understand increasingly complex phenotypes. Alternatively, other approaches now aim to sequence longer contiguous pieces of DNA, which are essential for resolving structurally complex regions. These and other strategies are providing researchers and clinicians a variety of tools to probe genomes in greater depth, leading to an enhanced understanding of how genome sequence variants underlie phenotype and disease.
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              A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome.

              Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                crca
                Cuicuilco. Revista de ciencias antropológicas
                Cuicuilco. Rev. cienc. antropol.
                Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                2448-9018
                2448-8488
                August 2021
                : 28
                : 81
                : 187-223
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de Minnesota Estados Unidos mnievesc@ 123456umn.edu
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico bravolomiriam@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Estatal de Arizona Estados Unidos blevinske1@ 123456gmail.com
                [3] orgnameInstituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia orgdiv1Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia Mexico miguel_contreras@ 123456inah.gob.mx
                Article
                S2448-84882021000200009 S2448-8488(21)02808100009
                ea23b712-dda6-40d5-bf42-59c2e515c9af

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 January 2021
                : 13 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 122, Pages: 37
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Diversas temáticas desde las disciplinas antropológicas

                paleogenómica,sustainability,ethical,skeletal remains,paleogenomic,Ancient dna,sustentabilidad,ética,restos esqueléticos,adn antiguo

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