<i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> E51 protects against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>-induced damages on Caco-2 intestinal barrier functions

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Abstract

Clostridioides difficile ( C. difficile) infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E51 ( L. plantarum E51) on C. difficile infection using the Caco-2 monolayer in vitro model . Caco-2 cells were infected with C. difficile in the presence/absence of L. plantarum E51 or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). Caco-2 intestinal barrier functions, such as monolayer integrity, IL-8 secretion, and tight junction protein expression, were quantified to investigate the extent to which L. plantarum E51 protected against C. difficile infection in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of C. difficile adhesion to Caco-2 cells by L. plantarum E51 was explored using competition, exclusion, and displacement assays. The results indicated that L. plantarum E51 inhibited C. difficile growth, ameliorated C. difficile-caused decrease in transepithelial/ transendothelial electrical resistance, attenuated C. difficile-induced IL8 secretion, and upregulated claudin-1 protein expression that was inhibited by C. difficile. Moreover, L. plantarum E51 suppressed C. difficile adhesion to Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that L. plantarum E51 substantially protected against C. difficile-induced damages on intestinal barrier functions in Caco-2 cells. The probiotic potential of L. plantarum E51 against C. difficile infection warrants further investigation.

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Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic.

Colin Hill, Francisco Guarner, Gregor Reid … (2014)

An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of probiotics. It is now 13 years since the definition of probiotics and 12 years after guidelines were published for regulators, scientists and industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO (FAO/WHO). The FAO/WHO definition of a probiotic--"live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"--was reinforced as relevant and sufficiently accommodating for current and anticipated applications. However, inconsistencies between the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Report and the FAO/WHO Guidelines were clarified to take into account advances in science and applications. A more precise use of the term 'probiotic' will be useful to guide clinicians and consumers in differentiating the diverse products on the market. This document represents the conclusions of the ISAPP consensus meeting on the appropriate use and scope of the term probiotic.

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A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae

Jinshui Zheng, Stijn Wittouck, Elisa Salvetti … (2020)

The genus Lactobacillus comprises 261 species (at March 2020) that are extremely diverse at phenotypic, ecological and genotypic levels. This study evaluated the taxonomy of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae on the basis of whole genome sequences. Parameters that were evaluated included core genome phylogeny, (conserved) pairwise average amino acid identity, clade-specific signature genes, physiological criteria and the ecology of the organisms. Based on this polyphasic approach, we propose reclassification of the genus Lactobacillus into 25 genera including the emended genus Lactobacillus, which includes host-adapted organisms that have been referred to as the Lactobacillus delbrueckii group, Paralactobacillus and 23 novel genera for which the names Holzapfelia, Amylolactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Companilactobacillus, Lapidilactobacillus, Agrilactobacillus, Schleiferilactobacillus, Loigolactobacilus, Lacticaseibacillus, Latilactobacillus, Dellaglioa, Liquorilactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Furfurilactobacillus, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Fructilactobacillus, Acetilactobacillus, Apilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Secundilactobacillus and Lentilactobacillus are proposed. We also propose to emend the description of the family Lactobacillaceae to include all genera that were previously included in families Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. The generic term 'lactobacilli' will remain useful to designate all organisms that were classified as Lactobacillaceae until 2020. This reclassification reflects the phylogenetic position of the micro-organisms, and groups lactobacilli into robust clades with shared ecological and metabolic properties, as exemplified for the emended genus Lactobacillus encompassing species adapted to vertebrates (such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus jensensii, Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus acidophilus) or invertebrates (such as Lactobacillus apis and Lactobacillus bombicola).

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The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity.

Hsin-Jung Wu, Eric Qiong Wu (2016)

Keeping a delicate balance in the immune system by eliminating invading pathogens, while still maintaining self-tolerance to avoid autoimmunity, is critical for the body's health. The gut microbiota that resides in the gastrointestinal tract provides essential health benefits to its host, particularly by regulating immune homeostasis. Moreover, it has recently become obvious that alterations of these gut microbial communities can cause immune dysregulation, leading to autoimmune disorders. Here we review the advances in our understanding of how the gut microbiota regulates innate and adaptive immune homeostasis, which in turn can affect the development of not only intestinal but also systemic autoimmune diseases. Exploring the interaction of gut microbes and the host immune system will not only allow us to understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases but will also provide us new foundations for the design of novel immuno- or microbe-based therapies.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Tsong-Rong Yan:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-6726

tryan@gm.ttu.edu.tw

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arch Microbiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arch Microbiol

Title: Archives of Microbiology

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Print): 0302-8933

ISSN (Electronic): 1432-072X

Publication date (Electronic): 3 May 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 3 May 2022

Publication date (Print): 2022

Volume: 204

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 290

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.412270.2, ISNI 0000 0000 8729 7628, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, , Tatung University, ; No. 40, Sec. 3, Zhongshan N. Rd., Taipei, 10452 Taiwan

[2 ]Department of Urology, Zhong-Xing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 10341 Taiwan

Author notes

Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Tsong-Rong Yan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-6726

Article

Publisher ID: 2837

DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02837-6

PMC ID: 9064860

PubMed ID: 35503482

SO-VID: ea3d0de1-f5bc-4bad-8c32-9b87e1a61b8c

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 27 December 2021

Date revision received : 21 February 2022

Date accepted : 10 March 2022

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: adhesion,clostridioides difficile,lactiplantibacillus plantarum,monolayer integrity,tight junction

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

Keywords: adhesion, clostridioides difficile, lactiplantibacillus plantarum, monolayer integrity, tight junction

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E51 protects against Clostridioides difficile-induced damages on Caco-2 intestinal barrier functions

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European Respiratory Society: COVID-19

Most cited references 33

Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic.

A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae

The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity.

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