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      Evaluation of the dentin changes in teeth subjected to endodontic treatment and photodynamic therapy Translated title: Avaliação das alterações morfológicas de dentes submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico e a terapia fotodinâmica

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an efficient adjuvant technique to promote disinfection of the root canal system. Therefore, it is important to investigate changes to dentin morphology and permeability induced by the use of diode laser on the root dentin. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate morphological changes and the percentage of apical leakage after the use of laser. Material and method Forty single-rooted teeth were instrumented using rotary system and irrigated. Teeth were randomly divided in two groups: G1 - not exposed to PDT (control), and G2 - pretreated with toluidine blue photosensitizer and irradiated with AsGaAl laser diode. Ten teeth in each group were evaluated by SEM for morphological changes. The other ten teeth were filled and stained with Rhodamine B to evaluate the apical leakage. Result The results showed significant difference between G1 and G2 (p <0.001 - chi-square), with greater presence of debris in G1 and higher incidence of open dentinal tubules in G2. Erosions and cracks were observed in both groups, with no statistically significant difference (p> 0.001). The apical leakage was significantly higher in G2 than in G1 (p <0.001 - Student's t-test). Conclusion It was concluded that the use of low-level laser reduced the smear layer and opened the dentinal tubules. Use of laser increased the permeability of the apical dentin.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Introdução A PDT antimicrobiana é um eficiente método coadjuvante na desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares, o que torna importante o estudo sobre a possibilidade de alterações morfológicas e permeabilidade provocadas pelo laser de diodo na estrutura dentinária radicular. Objetivo A proposta deste estudo foi investigar as alterações morfológicas e percentual de infiltração apical radicular após o uso do laser diodo. Material e método Quarenta dentes monorradiculares foram instrumentados pelo sistema rotatório Protaper e irrigados com NaOCl 5,25% e EDTA 17%. Depois, foram divididos aleatoriamente em: G1: não receberam PDT (controle); G2: receberam pré-irradiação com fotossensibilizador azul de toluidina e irradiação com laser diodo de AsGaAl. Em seguida, 10 dentes de cada grupo foram analisados por MEV quanto as alterações morfológicas. Os outros 10 dentes foram obturados e corados por Rodamina B para avaliar o percentual de infiltração apical. Resultado Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa entre G1 e G2 (p<0,001 - qui-quadrado), verificando maior presença de debris em G1 (controle) e maior ocorrência de túbulos dentinários abertos em G2 (PDT). Erosões e cracks foram observadas em ambos os grupos, sem diferença estatística significativa (p>0,001). O percentual de infiltração apical foi significativamente maior em G2 que em G1 (p<0,001 – t student). Conclusão Concluiu-se que a utilização do laser diodo promoveu a redução de smear layer e abertura dos túbulos dentinários, não influenciando na ocorrência de erosão, cracks e carbonização. O laser aumentou a permeabilidade da dentina apical.

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          Most cited references27

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          A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing

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            Comparative evaluation of endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms.

            The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of root canal irrigants against E. faecalis biofilms using a novel in vitro testing system. Biofilms grown in a flow cell system were submerged in test irrigants for either 1 or 5 minutes. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between test agent and percentage kill of the biofilm bacteria (P 99.99%), 1% NaOCl (99.78%), Smear Clear (78.06%), 2% chlorhexidine (60.49%), REDTA (26.99%), and BioPure MTAD (16.08%). Post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between 1% and 6% NaOCl, and all other agents including Smear Clear, 2% chlorhexidine, REDTA, and BioPure MTAD (P < 0.05). Within the parameters of this study, both 1% NaOCl and 6% NaOCl were more efficient in eliminating E. faecalis biofilm than the other solutions tested.
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              Lethal photosensitisation of oral bacteria and its potential application in the photodynamic therapy of oral infections.

              Chemical antibacterial agents are increasingly being used in prophylactic and therapeutic regimes for dental plaque-related diseases, which are among the most common human infections. As these agents are difficult to maintain at a therapeutic concentration in the oral cavity and can be rendered ineffective by resistance development in the target organisms, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial approaches. Bacteria and other microbes can be sensitised to light through prior treatment with a chemical photosensitising agent. Lethal photosensitisation of a wide range of bacteria responsible for caries, periodontal diseases and root canal infections has been demonstrated using red light in conjunction with a number of photosensitisers, including Toluidine Blue, phthalocyanines and chlorins. The advantages of this approach are that bacteria can be eradicated in very short periods of time (seconds or minutes), resistance development in the target bacteria is unlikely and damage to adjacent host tissues and disruption of the normal microflora can be avoided. This approach may be a useful alternative to antibiotics and antiseptics in eliminating cariogenic and periodontopathogenic bacteria from disease lesions and for the disinfection of root canals. Not only would this be of benefit for the treatment of these diseases but, by replacing the antimicrobial agents that are currently used for such purposes, it would help to conserve our dwindling supply of antimicrobial agents that are effective in the treatment of serious systemic infections.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rounesp
                Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
                Rev. odontol. UNESP
                Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara, SP, Brazil )
                1807-2577
                December 2016
                : 45
                : 6
                : 339-343
                Affiliations
                [01] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Brazil
                Article
                S1807-25772016000600339
                10.1590/1807-2577.12216
                ea9c7425-edef-432f-8aad-0a1843e4afbf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 May 2016
                : 24 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Fotoquimioterapia,laser,endodontia,Photodynamic therapy,lasers,endodontics

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