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      Parkinson’s Disease Drug Therapies in the Clinical Trial Pipeline: 2021 Update

      review-article
      a , b , c , d , d , *
      Journal of Parkinson's Disease
      IOS Press
      Clinical trials, studies, Parkinson’s, disease modification, neuroprotection, immunotherapy, inflammation, gene therapy

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been considerable activity in the clinical development of novel and improved drug-based therapies for the neurodegenerative condition of Parkinson’s disease (PD) during 2020. The agents that were investigated can be divided into “symptomatic” (alleviating the features of the condition) and “disease modifying” (attempting to address the underlying biology of PD) treatments, ST and DMT respectively, with further categorisation possible based on mechanism of action and class of therapy.

          Objective:

          Our goal in this report was to provide an overview of the pharmacological therapies –both ST and DMT - in clinical trials for PD during 2020–2021, with the aim of creating greater awareness and involvement in the clinical trial process. We also hope to stimulate collaboration amongst commercial and academic researchers as well as between the research and patient communities.

          Methods:

          We conducted a review of clinical trials of drug therapies for PD using trial data obtained from the ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organisation (WHO) registries, and performed a breakdown analysis of studies that were active as of February 18th 2021. We also assessed active drug development projects that had completed one clinical phase but were yet to start the next.

          Results:

          We identified 142 trials on ClinicalTrials.gov and 14 studies on the WHO registries that met our analysis criteria. Of these 156 trials, 91 were ST and 65 were DMT, Of the 145 trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in our 2020 analysis, 45 fell off the list and 42 were added. Despite this change, the balance of ST to DMT; the distribution across phases; the profile of therapeutic categories; and the proportion of repurposed therapies (33.5%); all remained very similar. There are only two DMTs in phase 3, and we identified 33 in-between-phase projects.

          Conclusions:

          Despite the effects of the coronavirus pandemic, investment and effort in clinical trials for PD appears to remain strong. There has been little change in the profile of the clinical trial landscape even though, over the past year, there has been considerable change to the content of the list.

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          Most cited references13

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          • Article: found

          Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies

          Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease have increased the scope of biological knowledge about the disease over the past decade. We aimed to use the largest aggregate of GWAS data to identify novel risk loci and gain further insight into the causes of Parkinson's disease.
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            • Record: found
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            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            The Emerging Evidence of the Parkinson Pandemic

            Neurological disorders are now the leading source of disability globally, and the fastest growing neurological disorder in the world is Parkinson disease. From 1990 to 2015, the number of people with Parkinson disease doubled to over 6 million. Driven principally by aging, this number is projected to double again to over 12 million by 2040. Additional factors, including increasing longevity, declining smoking rates, and increasing industrialization, could raise the burden to over 17 million. For most of human history, Parkinson has been a rare disorder. However, demography and the by-products of industrialization have now created a Parkinson pandemic that will require heightened activism, focused planning, and novel approaches.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 17 new Parkinson's disease risk loci

              Robert Graham and colleagues carried out a GWAS meta-analysis for Parkinson's disease (PD) and report 17 new risk loci. Their analyses support a key role for autophagy and lysosomal biology in PD risk.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Parkinsons Dis
                J Parkinsons Dis
                JPD
                Journal of Parkinson's Disease
                IOS Press (Nieuwe Hemweg 6B, 1013 BG Amsterdam, The Netherlands )
                1877-7171
                1877-718X
                12 June 2021
                02 August 2021
                2021
                : 11
                : 3
                : 891-903
                Affiliations
                [a ] Parkinson’s Research Advocate, Oxford, UK
                [b ] Parkinson’s Research Advocate, Marlboro, NJ, USA
                [c ]The Michael J Fox Foundation, Grand Central Station, New York, USA
                [d ]Cure Parkinson’s, London, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Simon R. W. Stott, Cure Parkinson’s, 120 New Cavendish Street, London, UK. E-mail: Simon@ 123456cureparkinsons.org.uk .
                Article
                JPD219006
                10.3233/JPD-219006
                8461678
                34151864
                ec1feb94-4376-4ae3-b5a9-f0f6333e53c7
                © 2021 – The authors. Published by IOS Press

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 May 2021
                Categories
                Clinical Trials Review

                clinical trials,studies,parkinson’s,disease modification,neuroprotection,immunotherapy,inflammation,gene therapy

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