Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among nursing studentshv in clinical internship

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Abstract

Background

During their academic activities, nursing students are required to carry out clinical internships during which they can be exposed to contamination by bloodborne pathogens. Objective. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence and associated factors of occupational exposure to biological material potentially infected by blood in a population of nursing students.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional design was used in this study and a self-administered questionnaire was provided to students. The research work was conducted from February 20, 2022, to March 15, 2022.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 119 students. A total of 94 (78.99%) of the participants were female with a mean age of 20.46±1.16 years. 48 (40.34%) exposures were recorded with corresponding incidence rates of 0.4 exposures/person/year. With at least one accidental exposure to blood in 21 (43.75%) students. The OR analysis made by year of study showed that the ratio between the exposure risk was lower than 1 with P>0.05. The comparison between the different nursing specialties showed a significant difference between the students of General Nurses and Family and Community Health Nurses. The variables associated with exposures to blood were: female sex and personal protective equipment.

Conclusions

During their clinical training, nursing students face several types of risks including biological through blood. In order to prevent the occurrence of these incidents, the consequences of which can be fatal, it is necessary to invest in training sessions and our institute should set up a local management unit for following the exposed students.

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Most cited references 26

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Health-care workers’ occupational exposures to body fluids in 21 countries in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis

Asa Auta, Emmanuel O. Adewuyi, Amom Tor-Anyiin … (2017)

Abstract Objective To estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to body fluids among health-care workers in Africa. Methods Embase®, PubMed® and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for studies published between January 2000 and August 2017 that reported the prevalence of occupational exposure to blood or other body fluids among health-care workers in Africa. The continent-wide prevalence of exposure was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. Findings Of the 904 articles identified, 65 studies from 21 African countries were included. The estimated pooled lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to body fluids were 65.7% (95% confidence interval, CI: 59.7–71.6) and 48.0% (95% CI: 40.7–55.3), respectively. Exposure was largely due to percutaneous injury, which had an estimated 12-month prevalence of 36.0% (95% CI: 31.2–40.8). The pooled 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure among medical doctors (excluding surgeons), nurses (including midwives and nursing assistants) and laboratory staff (including laboratory technicians) was 46.6% (95% CI: 33.5–59.7), 44.6% (95% CI: 34.1–55.0) and 34.3% (95% CI: 21.8–46.7), respectively. The risk of exposure was higher among health-care workers with no training on infection prevention and those who worked more than 40 hours per week. Conclusion The evidence available suggests that almost one half of health-care workers in Africa were occupationally exposed to body fluids annually. However, a lack of data from some countries was a major limitation. National governments and health-care institutions across Africa should prioritize efforts to minimize occupational exposure among health-care workers.

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Needlestick and sharps injuries among nursing students.

P Leggat, Derek Smith (2005)

This paper reports the first investigation of the prevalence and nature of needlestick injuries among Australian nursing students. Needlestick and sharps injuries are the most efficient method of transmitting blood-borne pathogens between patients and healthcare staff. Although nurses are known to be a high-risk subgroup for these events, nursing students may be at even greater risk due to their limited clinical experience. Despite this fact, the epidemiology of needlestick and sharps injuries among nursing students has not been clearly elucidated in Australia. A questionnaire-based methodology adapted from other international investigations was conducted among nursing students. We recruited a complete cross-section of students from a large university nursing school in North Queensland, Australia, in March 2004, and analysed needlestick and sharps events as a percentage of all students and also as a proportion of all cases. Risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression. From a group of 319 students, 274 successfully completed questionnaires were obtained (overall response rate 85.9%). A total of 38 students (13.9%) reported a needlestick or sharps injury during the previous 12 months. By causative item, 6.2% of students had been injured by a normal hollow-bore syringe needle, 3.6% by a glass item and 3.3% by an insulin syringe needle. Regarding prior usage, 81.6% of all injuring items were unused, 15.8% had been used on a patient and the status of 2.6% was unknown. Most needlestick injuries occurred either in the nursing laboratory (45%) or the teaching hospital (37%). Opening the needle cap was the most common causative event (28% of all cases). A total of 39.5% of needlestick injuries were not reported. The main reason for non-reporting was that the item was unused (42%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that students in the third year were 14.8 times more likely to have experienced a needlestick injury than their counterparts in other years (odds ratio 14.8, 95% confidence interval 5.2-50.3, P < 0.01). These injury rates were higher among Australian nursing students than in other international studies. Although hepatitis B vaccination coverage among the students was excellent, it is important that the principles of infection-control training and reporting of all needlestick and sharps continue to be emphasized throughout undergraduate nursing education.

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Accidental exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers in a Referral Hospital of Cameroon

Julienne Nouetchognou, Jérôme Ateudjieu, Bonaventure Jemea … (2016)

Background Accidental exposure to blood and body fluids is a public health concern, especially among health workers and constitutes a risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses including HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and the post exposure management of accidental exposures to blood and body fluid among health workers in the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Methods It was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted from the 1st to the 30th of September 2013. Self-administered questionnaires to health workers were used to collect data on self-reported accidents, circumstances and post-exposure management. Their knowledge on accidental exposure to blood was also assessed. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info software version 3.5.4. Descriptive analysis was performed to measure the importance of AEB and to evaluate the risk of contamination. Results One hundred and fifty health workers were interviewed among which 36.7 % reported having been exposed to blood and body fluid at least once in the preceding 3 months. Splash was the most reported injury (in 60.3 % of cases), followed by needle stick (28.7 %) and cuts (10.9 %). Moreover, 43.6 % of victims were not vaccinated against HBV, 7.3 % were not wearing gloves during the accident and 41 % of splash occurs on injured skin. The majority of victims belong to the surgical Department [20 %, p = 0.2310]. None of these injuries had been reported in the registry of accidental exposure to blood. Conclusions There is a high rate of accidental exposure to blood and body fluid in the daily hospital routine. Preventives measures, including wearing of protective equipment’s during care and vaccination against HBV are not systematically done among health workers. Health institution should develop and provide standard operating procedures targeting surveillance of occupational risks, staff training, and supervision.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Public Health Afr

Journal ID (publisher-id): JPHIA

Title: Journal of Public Health in Africa

Publisher: PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy

ISSN (Print): 2038-9922

ISSN (Electronic): 2038-9930

Publication date (Electronic): 20 April 2023

Publication date Collection: 21 June 2023

Volume: 14

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: 2336

Affiliations

[1 ]Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Fez (Annex Meknès) , Regional Health Directorate, Meknès

[2 ]Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Fez, Regional Health Directorate Fez-Meknès, El Ghassani Hospital, Fes, Morocco

Author notes

Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Fez (Annex Meknès), Regional Health Directorate, ISPITS Lalla Meriem, Rue El Farouk, VN, 50000, Meknès, Morocco. +212.677720276. omaima.sara2010@ 123456yahoo.com

Contributions: OEB, responsible for data collection and conceived and designed the project; ZT, SMR, DB, AM, MD, AEOL, data analysis, draft of the article, and critical review. All the authors approved the final version to be published.

Conflict of interest: the authors declare no potential conflict of interest. Ethical approval and consent to participate: each student was informed of the purpose and nature of the study. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Therefore, each student had the right to participate or refuse to be included in this study. Oral consent to participate was obtained from students. The confidentiality and anonymity of the data have been respected and were explained in the questionnaire.

Availability of data and material: data and materials are available by the authors.

Article

DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2336

PMC ID: 10395367

SO-VID: ed7c522c-92bc-41eb-90b9-502a82b897fb

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

History

Date received : 27 September 2022

Date accepted : 16 December 2022

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 6

Funding

Funding: none.

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Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among nursing studentshv in clinical internship

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Most cited references 26

Health-care workers’ occupational exposures to body fluids in 21 countries in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis

Needlestick and sharps injuries among nursing students.

Accidental exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers in a Referral Hospital of Cameroon

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