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      Infecções hospitalares em 46 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do quadril Translated title: Hospital infections in 46 patients submitted to total hip replacement

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          Abstract

          Foram estudados 46 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do quadril em um Instituto de Ortopedia de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 1993 a 1995, com o objetivo de obter a real frequência das infecções hospitalares da ferida operatória superficial e profunda que ocorrem nessa cirurgia. O estudo baseou-se no acompanhamento pré-operatório, trans-operatório e pós-operatório com seguimento mínimo de três meses de todos os pacientes, no sentido de caracterizar os agentes etiológicos das infecções e os fatores de risco que contribuem para o seu desenvolvimento. Foi observada uma freqüência total de 15.1% de infecções hospitalares, sendo 6.5% de infecção superficial da ferida operatória, 6.5% de infecção profunda e 2.1% de infecção do trato urinário. Os agentes etiológicos encontrados foram Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 casos), Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (2 casos), Morganella morgani (1 caso) e associação de Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (2 casos). O fator de risco com significância estatística observado nesta casuística foi o tempo cirúrgico aumentado. Concluiu-se que a frequência de infecção da ferida cirúrgica superficial e profunda nas artroplastias totais de quadril foi maior, nesta casuística, do que a relatada na literatura internacional, com elevada participação de bacilos Gram-negativos como agentes etiológicos e tendo como principal fator de risco o tempo cirúrgico aumentado.

          Translated abstract

          We studied 46 patients submitted to total hip replacement at an Orthopaedics Institute in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1993 to 1995, in order to determine the real frequency of hospital infections of the superficial and deep surgical wounds occurring in this operation. The study consisted of preoperative, transoperative and postoperative monitoring and a minimum follow-up period of three months for all patients in order to characterise the etiologic agents of the infections and risk factors contributing to the development of the latter. The total frequency of hospital infections was 15.1%, 6.5% of them being superficial wound sepsis, 6.5% deep wound sepsis and 2.2% infection of the urinary tract. The etiologic agents detected were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2 cases), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (2 cases), Morganella morgani (1 case), and association of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (2 cases). The risk factor showing a statistically significant effect in this patient series was increased surgical time. We conclude that the frequency of superficial and deep surgical wound sepsis in total hip replacement surgeries was higher in the present series compared to data reported in the international literature, with a high participation of Gram-negative bacilli as etiologic agents and with increased surgical time representing the major risk factor.

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          Prevention and management of infection after total joint replacement.

          Prophylactic antimicrobial regimens providing adequate drug levels in tissue during surgery and for periods of 24 hours to 14 days are of proven effectiveness in reducing infection rates after joint arthroplasty. Although most surgeons employ short regimens of < 24 hours' duration, their efficacy has not been clearly established for joint replacement in placebo-controlled trials. Careful preparation of the patient before surgery and attention to operating room asepsis are also important. In early postoperative infections, surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment may allow conservation of the prosthetic components. In established infection in which the components have become loose, radical surgical debridement must include removal of all prosthetic material as well as involved bone and soft tissue; reconstruction by exchange arthroplasty has an acceptable success rate. For infections caused by organisms of low virulence, exchange arthroplasty has been successful as a one-stage procedure, but no comparative trial with two-stage exchange has yet been reported.
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            Effect of clothing on dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus by males and females.

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              Secondarily infected total joint replacements by hematogenous spread.

              Three fatal cases of infections that followed total joint replacement are repoarted, in each of which a hematogenous source of infection was identified. There also were five non-fatal cases presumable arising hematogenously which were reported in the literature. It is emphasized that concomitant disease, including active rheumatoid arthritis, may predispose to this complication.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aob
                Acta Ortopédica Brasileira
                Acta ortop. bras.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (São Paulo )
                1809-4406
                March 2001
                : 9
                : 1
                : 36-41
                Article
                S1413-78522001000100005
                10.1590/S1413-78522001000100005
                edbd4455-0ee5-4072-a935-85ec0def73b3

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-7852&lng=en
                Categories
                ORTHOPEDICS

                Orthopedics
                Orthopedics

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