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      Antibody Response to Sars-CoV-2 in Adults After 18 Months of Second Dose Vaccination of Astra Zeneca

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          Abstract

          Vaccination is one of the methods of preventing SARS-Cov-2 infection. Although the efficacy of several vaccines has been observed, it is unknown how long the antibodies remain in the body. The purpose of this study was to examine the antibody titers in adults, 18 months after receiving two doses of the Astra Zeneca vaccine. This is a cross-sectional study with adult subjects who received two doses of the Astra Zeneca vaccine in the Bogor area, conducted in 2023. To evaluate antibody titers (IgG) in serum specimens, the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) method was utilized. The antibody titer ≥ 50.0 AU/mL was considered positive. The characteristics 122 subjects were mostly: female (63,1%), 36-45 years old, senior high school graduate (45.9%), unemployed (62,3%), had hypertension history (44.7%), and had no COVID-19 infection during the last six months. The results demonstrate that all the subjects had a positive SARS Cov-2 antibody titer, with a range titer of 87 - 80260 AU/mL and a geometric mean titer of 3246.4 AU/mL. In conclusion, this study found that the two doses of the Astra Zeneca vaccine made a significant contribution to the acquisition of anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibodies in adults.

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          Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

          Qun Li, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu … (2020)
          Abstract Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Results Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). Conclusions On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)
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            Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19

            Adekunle O Sanyaolu, Chuku Okorie, Aleksandra Marinkovic … (2020)
            A novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then, the virus has made its way across the globe to affect over 180 countries. SARS-CoV-2 has infected humans in all age groups, of all ethnicities, both males and females while spreading through communities at an alarming rate. Given the nature of this virus, there is much still to be learned; however, we know that the clinical manifestations range from a common cold to more severe diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, and even death. It is believed that COVID-19, in those with underlying health conditions or comorbidities, has an increasingly rapid and severe progression, often leading to death. This paper examined the comorbid conditions, the progression of the disease, and mortality rates in patients of all ages, infected with the ongoing COVID-19 disease. An electronic literature review search was performed, and applicable data was then collected from peer-reviewed articles published from January to April 20, 2020. From what is known at the moment, patients with COVID-19 disease who have comorbidities, such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus, are more likely to develop a more severe course and progression of the disease. Furthermore, older patients, especially those 65 years old and above who have comorbidities and are infected, have an increased admission rate into the intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality from the COVID-19 disease. Patients with comorbidities should take all necessary precautions to avoid getting infected with SARS CoV-2, as they usually have the worst prognosis.
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              On the effect of age on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households, schools and the community

              E. Goldstein, M. Lipsitch, M. Cevik (2020)
              Abstract Background There is limited information on the effect of age on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different settings. Methods We reviewed published studies/data on detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in contacts of COVID-19 cases, serological studies, and studies of infections in schools. Results Compared to younger/middle aged adults, susceptibility to infection for children aged under 10y is estimated to be significantly lower, while estimated susceptibility to infection in adults aged over 60y is higher. Serological studies suggest that younger adults (particularly those aged under 35y) often have high cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community. There is some evidence that given limited control measures, SARS-CoV-2 may spread robustly in secondary/high schools, and to a lesser degree in primary schools, with class size possibly affecting that spread. There is also evidence of more limited spread in schools when some mitigation measures are implemented. Several potential biases that may affect these studies are discussed. Conclusions Mitigation measures should be implemented when opening schools, particularly secondary/high schools. Efforts should be undertaken to diminish mixing in younger adults, particularly individuals aged 18-35y to mitigate the spread of the epidemic in the community.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: BIO Web of Conferences
                Abbreviated Title: BIO Web Conf.
                Publisher: EDP Sciences
                ISSN (Electronic): 2117-4458
                Publication date Created: 2024
                Publication date (Electronic): April 09 2024
                Publication date (Print): 2024
                Volume: 101
                Page: 04001
                Article
                DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/202410104001
                SO-VID: ee1769ba-dee6-4f21-87b7-036d03ae2e14
                Copyright © © 2024
                License:

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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