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      Primer registro de melanismo en Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833 (Perciformes, Cheilodactylidae) Translated title: First record of melanism in Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833 (Perciformes, Cheilodactylidae)

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          Abstract

          El melanismo en peces es poco frecuente, se expresa en una mayor cantidad de especies de aguas límnicas que marinas. Se reporta la captura de un ejemplar hembra de Cheilodactylus variegatus, con melanismo completo. El individuo fue capturado con arpón mediante buceo apnea, en la localidad de Caleta Piedra Azul, norte de Chile. Su longitud estándar es 33,6 cm y su peso total 960 g. Morfológicamente no hay diferencias con los ejemplares de coloración normal. La coloración general del cuerpo es gris oscura, con bandas verticales levemente más claras en el flanco. Las aletas no presentan en sus extremos la tonalidad anaranjada característica de la especie. Se discute la validez del efecto de una infección por tremátodos como agente causal del melanismo, debido a que es una mutación que ocurre en el receptor de melacortina (MC1R). La condición melánica en Ch. variegatus, es muy rara, es la primera vez que se reporta para esta especie, donde la expresión de un color oscuro, sería beneficiosa para ejemplares que habiten fondos con poca vegetación y entre grietas.

          Translated abstract

          Melanism in fish is rare; it is expressed in a greater number of limnetic species rather than marine. The capture of a Cheilodactylus variegatus female specimen with full melanosis is reported. The individual was captured with harpoon by apnea diving, in the Caleta Piedra Azul, northern Chile. Its standard length was 33.6 cm and a total weight of 960 g. There is no morphological difference if compared with normal color specimens. The general coloration of the body is dark gray, with slightly lighter vertical stripes on the flank. No fins show the orange hue characteristic of the species. The validity of trematode infection effect as a causal agent of melanosis is discussed, because it is a mutation in the melanocortin receptor (MC1R). The melanosis condition in Ch. variegatus, is very rare. It is the first time that this phenomenon is reported for this species, where the expression of a dark color, would be beneficial to specimens who reside on bottoms with little vegetation and among crevices.

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          Most cited references55

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          Molecular biology and physiology of the melanocortin system in fish: a review.

          The melanocortin system consists of melanocortin peptides derived from the proopiomelanocortin gene (in particular adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH, and melanocyte-stimulating hormones, MSH) and five melanocortin receptor subtypes (MC1R-MC5R). Knowledge of the melanocortin system in fish is still limited, but information on the receptor part of the system is very rapidly growing. The melanocortin receptors (MCRs) have been recently cloned from several species of fish. The amino acid sequences appear remarkably well conserved. Pharmacological characterisation studies of the first identified piscine MCRs indicate that ACTH may be the original ligand for the MCRs, while the MSH peptides gained specialised functions in the course of evolution. Considering the tissue distribution of the MCRs, there are two distinctions between mammals and fish: where in mammals the MC4R is exclusively expressed in the central nervous system, in the fish species examined so far it is also peripherally expressed. It does however, alike the situation in mammals, likely play a key role in the central regulation of food intake and energy balance. Not only the MCRs, but also many other factors involved herewith, have been found in fish and roughly appear to function similarly as in mammals. The second difference is the distribution of the MC5R, which appears less widely expressed in fish than in mammals. Considering the available data it is predicted that, in mammals and fish alike, skin colouration is mediated via MC1R and steroidogenesis via MC2R. This review provides a short overview of the basic molecular characteristics, pharmacology, and tissue distribution of the MCRs in the fish investigated up to now, as well as their physiological role in the processes of skin colouration, steroidogenesis, and feeding behaviour.
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            Community structure of temperate reef fishes in kelp-dominated subtidal habitats of northern Chile

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              Evolution of melanocortin systems in fish.

              Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a common precursor of melanocortin (MC), the collective term for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanophore-stimulating hormone (MSH), and of beta-endorphin (beta-END). Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the analysis of the POMC gene from a board taxonomic group of vertebrates and invertebrates. The results suggest that three MSHs (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH) and a single END were established in ancestral invertebrates. Thereafter, unequal crossing over may have resulted in class-specific numbers of MSH segments during the radiation of fish. Moreover, duplication of the entire POMC gene may have led to the differentiation of POMC as shown in lampreys; one of the two subtypes is a precursor for ACTH and beta-END, the other is a precursor for two forms of MSH and the other form of beta-END. On the other hand, at least five subtypes of MC receptor (MCR) have been observed in fish. These are G-protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains. The ancestral MCR is suggested to have appeared before vertebrates, and then MCRs may have diverged by genome duplication and local duplication of each receptor gene during the evolution of vertebrates. They are distributed in many tissues in rather a subtype-specific manner and are responsible for a variety of biological functions. Thus, MC systems may have diverged by producing structurally different MC peptides from POMC and expressing MCR subtypes differing in ligand selectivity in a variety of tissues.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                lajar
                Latin american journal of aquatic research
                Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res.
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso<BR>Facultad de Recursos Naturales<BR>Escuela de Ciencias del Mar (Valparaíso )
                0718-560X
                July 2015
                : 43
                : 3
                : 588-594
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Católica del Norte Chile
                [2 ] Universidad Católica del Norte Chile
                Article
                S0718-560X2015000300021
                10.3856/vol43-issue3-fulltext-21
                efac9479-3751-42d5-ba7c-939cff6645b6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0718-560X&lng=en
                Categories
                FISHERIES
                MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
                OCEANOGRAPHY

                Oceanography & Hydrology,Aquaculture & Fisheries,Ecology
                fishes,Cheilodactylus variegatus,bilagay,peces,melanismo,norte de Chile,morwongs,melanism,northern Chile

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