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      Cohort Profile Update: The TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS)

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          Abstract

          TRAILS consists of a population cohort (N = 2230) and a clinical cohort (N = 543), both of which were followed from about age 11 years onwards. To date, the population cohort has been assessed five times over a period of 11 years, with retention rates ranging between 80% and 96%. The clinical cohort has been assessed four times over a period of 8 years, with retention rates ranging between 77% and 85%. Since the IJE published a cohort profile on the TRAILS in 2008, the participants have matured from adolescents into young adults. The focus shifted from parents and school to entry into the labour market and family formation, including offspring. Furthermore, psychiatric diagnostic interviews were administered, the database was linked to a Psychiatric Case Registry, and the availability of genome-wide SNP variations opened the door to genome-wide association studies regarding a wide range of (endo)phenotypes. With some delay, TRAILS data are available to researchers outside the TRAILS consortium without costs; access can be obtained by submitting a publication proposal (see www.trails.nl).

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          Most cited references47

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          A self-report measure of pubertal status: Reliability, validity, and initial norms.

          Puberty is a central process in the complex set of changes that constitutes the transition from childhood to adolescence. Research on the role of pubertal change in this transition has been impeded by the difficulty of assessing puberty in ways acceptable to young adolescents and others involved. Addressing this problem, this paper describes and presents norms for a selfreport measure of pubertal status. The measure was used twice annually over a period of three years in a longitudinal study of 335 young adolescent boys and girls. Data on a longitudinal subsample of 253 subjects are reported. The scale shows good reliability, as indicated by coefficient alpha. In addition, several sources of data suggest that these reports are valid. The availability of such a measure is important for studies, such as those based in schools, in which more direct measures of puberty may not be possible.
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            Measuring emotion: the Self-Assessment Manikin and the Semantic Differential.

            The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) is a non-verbal pictorial assessment technique that directly measures the pleasure, arousal, and dominance associated with a person's affective reaction to a wide variety of stimuli. In this experiment, we compare reports of affective experience obtained using SAM, which requires only three simple judgments, to the Semantic Differential scale devised by Mehrabian and Russell (An approach to environmental psychology, 1974) which requires 18 different ratings. Subjective reports were measured to a series of pictures that varied in both affective valence and intensity. Correlations across the two rating methods were high both for reports of experienced pleasure and felt arousal. Differences obtained in the dominance dimension of the two instruments suggest that SAM may better track the personal response to an affective stimulus. SAM is an inexpensive, easy method for quickly assessing reports of affective response in many contexts.
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              Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control.

              This study examined the role of self-reported attentional control in regulating attentional biases related to trait anxiety. Simple detection targets were preceded by cues labeling potential target locations as threatening (likely to result in negative feedback) or safe (likely to result in positive feedback). Trait anxious participants showed an early attentional bias favoring the threatening location 250 ms after the cue and a late bias favoring the safe location 500 ms after the cue. The anxiety-related threat bias was moderated by attentional control at the 500-ms delay: Anxious participants with poor attentional control still showed the threat bias, whereas those with good control were better able to shift from the threatening location. Thus, skilled control of voluntary attention may allow anxious persons to limit the impact of threatening information.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Epidemiol
                Int J Epidemiol
                ije
                intjepid
                International Journal of Epidemiology
                Oxford University Press
                0300-5771
                1464-3685
                February 2015
                26 November 2014
                26 November 2014
                : 44
                : 1
                : 76-76n
                Affiliations
                1Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 2Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 3Parnassia Bavo Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands, 4Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 5Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and 7Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                *Corresponding author. University Medical Centre Groningen, CC 72, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. E-mail: a.j.oldehinkel@ 123456umcg.nl
                Article
                dyu225
                10.1093/ije/dyu225
                4339762
                25431468
                eff8ee83-2d90-40a2-bd08-82b289bf204f
                © The Author 2014; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

                History
                : 4 November 2014
                Page count
                Pages: 15
                Categories
                Cohort Profile Updates

                Public health
                cohort studies,mental disorders,health services,family,employment,genetic databases
                Public health
                cohort studies, mental disorders, health services, family, employment, genetic databases

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