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      A Review of the Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease

      Author(s): 1
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
      Publisher: IOS Press

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          Abstract

          Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered as the most common cause of dementia in elderly population. While the exact mechanism of AD has not been discovered, hyperbolic oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proven to be effective in the treatment of this degenerative disease. The objectives of this article are to review the literature available on molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying HBOT and its efficacy in treating AD and to review the effectiveness of HBOT as an alternate treatment intervention in both human and animal models. 391 full text articles were included in the review after literature search between 1980–2021 from two online data base (ScienceDirect and PubMed). The following key words were used: ‘hyperbaric oxygen therapy’ and ‘Alzheimer disease.’ Based on the outcomes of clinical and experimental studies, this review advocates the use of HBOT for the treatment of AD. This review explores future directions and recommends further research into a treatment protocol that will maintain long-term cognitive health of AD patients.

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          Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

          Michael T Heneka, Monica Carson, Joseph El Khoury … (2015)
          Increasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is not restricted to the neuronal compartment, but includes strong interactions with immunological mechanisms in the brain. Misfolded and aggregated proteins bind to pattern recognition receptors on microglia and astroglia, and trigger an innate immune response characterised by release of inflammatory mediators, which contribute to disease progression and severity. Genome-wide analysis suggests that several genes that increase the risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease encode factors that regulate glial clearance of misfolded proteins and the inflammatory reaction. External factors, including systemic inflammation and obesity, are likely to interfere with immunological processes of the brain and further promote disease progression. Modulation of risk factors and targeting of these immune mechanisms could lead to future therapeutic or preventive strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            How neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegeneration.

            Richard M. Ransohoff (2016)
            Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal lobar dementia are among the most pressing problems of developed societies with aging populations. Neurons carry out essential functions such as signal transmission and network integration in the central nervous system and are the main targets of neurodegenerative disease. In this Review, I address how the neuron's environment also contributes to neurodegeneration. Maintaining an optimal milieu for neuronal function rests with supportive cells termed glia and the blood-brain barrier. Accumulating evidence suggests that neurodegeneration occurs in part because the environment is affected during disease in a cascade of processes collectively termed neuroinflammation. These observations indicate that therapies targeting glial cells might provide benefit for those afflicted by neurodegenerative disorders.
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              Microglia and neuroinflammation: a pathological perspective

              Wolfgang J Streit, Robert Mrak, W Sue T Griffin (2004)
              Microglia make up the innate immune system of the central nervous system and are key cellular mediators of neuroinflammatory processes. Their role in central nervous system diseases, including infections, is discussed in terms of a participation in both acute and chronic neuroinflammatory responses. Specific reference is made also to their involvement in Alzheimer's disease where microglial cell activation is thought to be critically important in the neurodegenerative process.
              Article 0 comments Cited 285 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
                Abbreviated Title: JAD
                Publisher: IOS Press
                ISSN (Print): 13872877
                ISSN (Electronic): 18758908
                Publication date Created: June 15 2021
                Publication date (Print): June 15 2021
                Volume: 81
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 1361-1367
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
                Article
                DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210157
                PubMed ID: 33935095
                SO-VID: f009dd5b-d804-4f53-9af4-bb0bd6ad338c
                Copyright © © 2021
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