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      Myocarditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination

      review-article
      Author(s): , MD a , b , , MD c , , MD a , d , , MD a , , MD e , , MD PhD e , f , , MD SM a , g , , MD MPH g , h , , MD a , g , , MD MPH a , ∗
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Cardiology Clinics
      Publisher: Published by Elsevier Inc.
      Keywords: COVID-19, Myocarditis, Vaccine, mRNA Vaccine, Cardiac MRI, ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Ad26.COV2.S, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine, BNP, Brain natriuretic peptide, BNT162b2 mRNA, Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, CDC, U.S. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, CMR, Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, CT, Computed tomography, ECG, Electrocardiography, ECV, Extracellular volume, EUA, Emergency use authorization, FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDG-PET, Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, H&E, Hematoxylin and eosin, LGE, Late gadolinium enhancement, LLC, Lake Louise Criteria, LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction, mRNA, Messenger ribonucleic acid, mRNA-1273, Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, NSAIDs, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Synopsis

          Myocarditis is an established but rare adverse event following administration of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, and is most common in male adolescents and young adults. Symptoms typically develop within a few days of vaccine administration. Most patients have mild abnormalities on cardiac imaging with rapid clinical improvement with standard treatment. However, longer term follow-up is needed to determine whether imaging abnormalities persist, to evaluate for adverse outcomes, and to understand the risk associated with subsequent vaccination. The purpose of the review is to evaluate the current literature related to myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination, including the incidence, risk factors, clinical course, imaging findings and proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms.

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          Is Open Access

          Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

          Tao Guo, Yongzhen Fan, Ming Chen … (2020)
          This case series study evaluates the association of underlying cardiovascular disease and myocardial injury on fatal outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
          Article 0 comments Cited 2013 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.

            Alida L P Caforio, Sabine Pankuweit, Eloisa Arbustini … (2013)
            In this position statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases an expert consensus group reviews the current knowledge on clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis, and proposes new diagnostic criteria for clinically suspected myocarditis and its distinct biopsy-proven pathogenetic forms. The aims are to bridge the gap between clinical and tissue-based diagnosis, to improve management and provide a common reference point for future registries and multicentre randomised controlled trials of aetiology-driven treatment in inflammatory heart muscle disease.
            Article 0 comments Cited 812 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Nonischemic Myocardial Inflammation

              Vanessa M. Ferreira, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Godtfred Holmvang … (2018)
              This JACC Scientific Expert Panel provides consensus recommendations for an update of the cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) diagnostic criteria for myocardial inflammation in patients with suspected acute or active myocardial inflammation (Lake Louise Criteria) that include options to use parametric mapping techniques. While each parameter may indicate myocardial inflammation, the authors propose that CMR provides strong evidence for myocardial inflammation, with increasing specificity, if the CMR scan demonstrates the combination of myocardial edema with other CMR markers of inflammatory myocardial injury. This is based on at least one T2-based criterion (global or regional increase of myocardial T2 relaxation time or an increased signal intensity in T2-weighted CMR images), with at least one T1-based criterion (increased myocardial T1, extracellular volume, or late gadolinium enhancement). While having both a positive T2-based marker and a T1-based marker will increase specificity for diagnosing acute myocardial inflammation, having only one (i.e., T2-based OR T1-based) marker may still support a diagnosis of acute myocardial inflammation in an appropriate clinical scenario, albeit with less specificity. The update is expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy of CMR further in detecting myocardial inflammation.
              Article 0 comments Cited 618 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cardiol Clin
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cardiol Clin
                Title: Cardiology Clinics
                Publisher: Published by Elsevier Inc.
                ISSN (Print): 0733-8651
                ISSN (Electronic): 1558-2264
                Publication date PMC-release: 6 May 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 May 2022
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto
                [b ]Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
                [c ]Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Department of Graduate Medical Education, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
                [d ]Department of Medical Imaging, Clinica Santa Maria, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
                [e ]Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto
                [f ]Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto
                [g ]Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto
                [h ]Cardiovascular Division, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Address for Correspondence: Kate Hanneman MD MPH Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network 1 PMB-298, 585 University Avenue Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2 Phone: (416) 340-4800 ext. 3790 Fax: (416) 593-0502
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0733-8651(22)00023-6
                DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.05.002
                PMC ID: 9072816
                PubMed ID: 35851461
                SO-VID: f0e580cd-8ecd-4cf1-931a-91dddcd75f2f
                Copyright © © 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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                Subject: Article

                Keywords: covid-19,myocarditis,vaccine,mrna vaccine,cardiac mri,ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ad26.cov2.s, janssen/johnson & johnson covid-19 vaccine,bnp, brain natriuretic peptide,bnt162b2 mrna, pfizer-biontech covid-19 vaccine,cdc, u.s. centers of disease control and prevention,cmr, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging,covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019,ct, computed tomography,ecg, electrocardiography,ecv, extracellular volume,eua, emergency use authorization,fda, u.s. food and drug administration,fdg-pet, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography,h&e, hematoxylin and eosin,lge, late gadolinium enhancement,llc, lake louise criteria,lvef, left ventricular ejection fraction,mrna, messenger ribonucleic acid,mrna-1273, moderna covid-19 vaccine,nsaids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, myocarditis, vaccine, mrna vaccine, cardiac mri, ace2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ad26.cov2.s, janssen/johnson & johnson covid-19 vaccine, bnp, brain natriuretic peptide, bnt162b2 mrna, pfizer-biontech covid-19 vaccine, cdc, u.s. centers of disease control and prevention, cmr, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019, ct, computed tomography, ecg, electrocardiography, ecv, extracellular volume, eua, emergency use authorization, fda, u.s. food and drug administration, fdg-pet, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, h&e, hematoxylin and eosin, lge, late gadolinium enhancement, llc, lake louise criteria, lvef, left ventricular ejection fraction, mrna, messenger ribonucleic acid, mrna-1273, moderna covid-19 vaccine, nsaids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2

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