In vivo  Probabilistic Structural Atlas of the Inferior and Superior Colliculi, Medial and Lateral Geniculate Nuclei and Superior Olivary Complex in Humans Based on 7 Tesla MRI

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Abstract

Despite extensive neuroimaging research of primary sensory cortices involved in auditory and visual functions, subcortical structures within these domains, such as the inferior and superior colliculi, the medial and lateral geniculate nuclei and the superior olivary complex, are currently understudied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in living humans. This is because a precise localization of these nuclei is hampered by the limited contrast and sensitivity of conventional neuroimaging methods for deep brain nuclei. In this work, we used 7 Tesla multi-modal (T ₂-weighted and diffusion fractional anisotropy) 1.1 mm isotropic resolution MRI to achieve high sensitivity and contrast for single-subject brainstem and thalamic nuclei delineation. After precise coregistration to stereotactic space, we generated an in vivo human probabilistic atlas of auditory (medial geniculate nucleus, inferior colliculus, and superior olivary complex) and visual (lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus) subcortical nuclei. We foresee the use of this atlas as a tool to precisely identify the location and shape of auditory/visual deep nuclei in research as well as clinical human studies.

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Spin Diffusion Measurements: Spin Echoes in the Presence of a Time-Dependent Field Gradient

E. O. Stejskal, J. E. Tanner (1965)

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Cortical Folding Patterns and Predicting Cytoarchitecture

Bruce Fischl, Niranjini Rajendran, Evelina Busa … (2007)

The human cerebral cortex is made up of a mosaic of structural areas, frequently referred to as Brodmann areas (BAs). Despite the widespread use of cortical folding patterns to perform ad hoc estimations of the locations of the BAs, little is understood regarding 1) how variable the position of a given BA is with respect to the folds, 2) whether the location of some BAs is more variable than others, and 3) whether the variability is related to the level of a BA in a putative cortical hierarchy. We use whole-brain histology of 10 postmortem human brains and surface-based analysis to test how well the folds predict the locations of the BAs. We show that higher order cortical areas exhibit more variability than primary and secondary areas and that the folds are much better predictors of the BAs than had been previously thought. These results further highlight the significance of cortical folding patterns and suggest a common mechanism for the development of the folds and the cytoarchitectonic fields.

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Actual flip-angle imaging in the pulsed steady state: a method for rapid three-dimensional mapping of the transmitted radiofrequency field.

Vasily L Yarnykh (2007)

A new method has been developed for fast image-based measurements of the transmitted radiofrequency (RF) field. The method employs an actual flip-angle imaging (AFI) pulse sequence that consists of two identical RF pulses followed by two delays of different duration (TR(1) < TR(2)). After each pulse, a gradient-echo (GRE) signal is acquired. It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that if delays TR(1) and TR(2) are sufficiently short and the transverse magnetization is completely spoiled, the ratio r = S(2)/S(1) of signal intensities S(1) and S(2), acquired at the beginning of the time intervals TR(1) and TR(2), depends on the flip angle (FA) of applied pulses as r = (1 + n * cos(FA))/(n + cos(FA)), where n = TR(2)/TR(1). The method allows fast 3D implementation and provides accurate B(1) measurements that are highly insensitive to T(1). The unique feature of the AFI method is that it uses a pulsed steady-state signal acquisition. This overcomes the limitation of previous methods that required long relaxation delays between sequence repetitions. The method has been shown to be useful for time-efficient whole-body B(1) mapping and correction of T(1) maps obtained using a variable FA technique in the presence of nonuniform RF excitation.

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Author and article information

Contributors

María G. García-Gomar: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/279556/overview

Nicola Toschi: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/73254/overview

Kavita Singh: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/621312/overview

Lawrence L. Wald: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/13220/overview

Marta Bianciardi: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/526806/overview

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Neurosci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Neurosci

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Neurosci.

Title: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Print): 1662-4548

ISSN (Electronic): 1662-453X

Publication date (Electronic): 07 August 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 13

Electronic Location Identifier: 764

Affiliations

[1] ¹Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, United States

[2] ²Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, United States

[3] ³Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome , Rome, Italy

Author notes

Edited by: John Ashburner, University College London, United Kingdom

Reviewed by: Anneke Alkemade, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Li-Wei Kuo, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan

*Correspondence: María G. García-Gomar, mgarciagomar@ 123456mgh.harvard.edu

Marta Bianciardi, martab@ 123456mgh.harvard.edu

^†These authors have contributed equally to this work as first authors

This article was submitted to Brain Imaging Methods, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00764

PMC ID: 6694208

PubMed ID: 31440122

SO-VID: f1d357b0-8534-443c-ad58-8c5599b784df

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 26 April 2019

Date accepted : 09 July 2019

Page count

Figures: 6, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 99, Pages: 15, Words: 0

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In vivo Probabilistic Structural Atlas of the Inferior and Superior Colliculi, Medial and Lateral Geniculate Nuclei and Superior Olivary Complex in Humans Based on 7 Tesla MRI

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Abstract

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NeuroImaging Methods

Most cited references 82

Spin Diffusion Measurements: Spin Echoes in the Presence of a Time-Dependent Field Gradient

Cortical Folding Patterns and Predicting Cytoarchitecture

Actual flip-angle imaging in the pulsed steady state: a method for rapid three-dimensional mapping of the transmitted radiofrequency field.

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