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      Avaliação antropométrica de adolescentes Kamayurá, povo indígena do Alto Xingu, Brasil Central (2000-2001) Translated title: Anthropometric assessment of Kamayurá adolescents in the Upper Xingu, Central Brazil (2000-2001)

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          Abstract

          Apesar da proximidade dos grupos indígenas do Alto Xingu com a sociedade, os estudos têm mostrado adequação do peso para estatura e déficit de estatura para idade das crianças desses povos. Em relação aos adolescentes, pouco se conhece sobre suas condições nutricionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional de adolescentes Kamayurá, valendo-se de variáveis antropométricas. As medidas de peso, estatura, pregas cutâneas e circunferências corporais foram coletadas de 65 adolescentes, sendo 31 indivíduos masculinos e 34 femininos. As médias de estatura em relação à idade foram menores do que aquelas encontradas na Pesquisa Nacional sobre Saúde e Nutrição e na população de referência do National Center for Health Statistics. Houve taxa elevada de sobrepeso no sexo masculino (38,7%) e no feminino (23,5%); a obesidade foi encontrada em uma adolescente (2,9%). Nenhum adolescente com sobrepeso apresentou ambas as pregas tricipital e subescapular acima do percentil 90. Não houve casos de déficit nutricional em adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Apesar da alta prevalência de sobrepeso, o estado nutricional dos adolescentes em estudo é adequado, dada a baixa adiposidade.

          Translated abstract

          Despite the proximity between indigenous groups in the Upper Xingu Region and Brazilian national society, studies have shown adequate weight-for-height and low height-for-age in indigenous children. Little is known about the nutritional status of indigenous adolescents. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of Kamayurá adolescents. Anthropometric variables were collected from a sample of 65 adolescents (31 males and 34 females). Mean height was lower than both that of the Brazilian National Survey on Health and Nutrition and the reference population of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. There was a high rate of overweight in both males (38.7%) and females (23.5%), and one female adolescent was obese (2.9%). No overweight adolescent presented both the triceps and subscapular skinfolds above the 90th percentile. There were no cases of nutritional deficit among either male or female adolescents. Despite the high prevalence of overweight, the nutritional status of these adolescents is adequate, since the group presents low adiposity.

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          Evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and the conicity index as screening tools for high trunk fat mass, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in children aged 3-19 y.

          A central fat pattern has adverse health implications in both children and adults. Because adiposity tracks from childhood into adulthood, the ability of simple anthropometric techniques to correctly measure truncal adiposity in childhood needs to be assessed. We sought to assess the validity of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and the conicity index as indicators of trunk fat mass in children and adolescents. Trunk fat mass (kg) was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 278 girls and 302 boys aged 3-19 y. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the curves (AUCs) for the ROCs were calculated to compare the relative abilities of the anthropometric measures to correctly identify children with high trunk fat mass (z score for our study population of > or =1). The 80th percentile for waist circumference correctly identified 89% of girls and 87% of boys with high trunk fat mass (sensitivity) and 94% of girls and 92% of boys with low trunk fat mass (specificity). Waist circumference performed significantly better as an index of trunk fat mass than did WHR or the conicity index, as shown by the AUCs in girls and boys, respectively: waist circumference AUCs = 0.97 and 0.97, conicity index AUCs = 0.80 and 0.81, and WHR AUCs = 0.73 and 0.71. Our cutoffs for high trunk fat mass and high waist circumference are provided for both sexes for each year of age. Waist circumference provides a simple yet effective measure of truncal adiposity in children and adolescents.
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            The prediction of abdominal visceral fat level from body composition and anthropometry: ROC analysis

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              Effects of a traditional lifestyle on obesity in Pima Indians.

              The Pima Indians of Arizona have the highest reported prevalences of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In parallel with abrupt changes in lifestyle, these prevalences in Arizona Pimas have increased to epidemic proportions during the past decades. To assess the possible impact of the environment on the prevalences of obesity and NIDDM, data were collected on members of a population of Pima ancestry (separation 700-1,000 years ago) living in a remote mountainous location in northwestern Mexico, with a lifestyle contrasting markedly with that in Arizona. Pima heritage was established by history and by use of Pima language. Measurements of weight, height, body fat (bioimpedance), blood pressure, plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, and HbA1c were obtained in 19 women (36 +/- 13 years of age) and 16 men (48 +/- 14 years of age) and compared with sex-, age- and diabetes status-matched Pimas living in Arizona (10 Arizona Pimas for each Mexican Pima). Mexican Pimas were lighter (64.2 +/- 13.9 vs. 90.2 +/- 21.1 kg, P < 0.0001; means +/- SD) and shorter (160 +/- 8 vs. 164 +/- 8 cm, P < 0.01) with lower body mass indexes (24.9 +/- 4.0 vs. 33.4 +/- 7.5 kg/m2, P < 0.0001) and lower plasma total cholesterol levels (146 +/- 30 vs. 174 +/- 31 mg/dl, P < 0.0001) than Arizona Pimas. Only two women (11%) and one man (6%) had NIDDM, contrasting with the expected prevalences of 37 and 54% in female and male Arizona Pimas, respectively. This preliminary investigation shows that obesity, and perhaps NIDDM, is less prevalent among people of Pima heritage living a "traditional" lifestyle than among Pimas living in an "affluent" environment. These findings suggest that, despite a similar potential genetic predisposition to these conditions, a traditional lifestyle, characterized by a diet including less animal fat and more complex carbohydrates and by greater energy expenditure in physical labor, may protect against the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors, obesity, and NIDDM.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                June 2007
                : 23
                : 6
                : 1443-1453
                Affiliations
                [02] São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Brasil
                [01] São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina Brasil
                Article
                S0102-311X2007000600019 S0102-311X(07)02300619
                10.1590/S0102-311X2007000600019
                f1fffc62-6057-48a0-8249-0af830458bb8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 December 2005
                : 09 May 2005
                : 03 January 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 11
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos

                Anthropometry,Índios Sul-Americanos,Antropometria,Adolescente,Estado Nutricional,Composição Corporal,South American Indians,Adolescent,Nutritional Status,Body Composition

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