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      Efeito da heparina sódica e da enoxaparina na consolidação de fratura da tíbia no rato: avaliação clínica e anatomopatológica e biomecânica Translated title: Effect of heparin-sodium and enoxaparin on rats tibial fracture healing: clinical,anatomopathological, and biomechanical approach

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          Abstract

          Foi realizado estudo experimental em ratos para avaliar o efeito do anticoagulante na consolidação óssea, conforme critérios clínicos, anatomopatológicos e biomecânicos. Manualmente, após perfuração do osso, foi produzida fratura aberta, na diáfise da tíbia direita, mantida sem imobilização, em 72 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, com 60 dias de idade e peso médio de 242 gramas. Doze horas após a fratura, foi iniciado tratamento anticoagulante, mantido por 28 dias. Via subcutânea, um grupo recebeu heparina sódica na dose de 200UI/Kg de 12 em 12 horas, enquanto outro, recebeu enoxaparina na dose de 1mg/Kg de 12 em 12 horas, doses preconizadas para tratamento do tromboembolismo em humanos. O terceiro grupo, controle, recebeu água destilada. Durante o experimento, os animais foram avaliados clinicamente e após 28 dias, sacrificados. Nos animais dos três grupos, a evolução clínica foi semelhante. Mediante análise anatomopatológica efetuada por estudo descritivo e quantitativo, foi observada presença de fibrose, cartilagem e osso igualmente nos três grupos, sempre com predomínio de tecido ósseo. O estudo biomecânico, realizado por intermédio de ensaios de flexão, demonstrou coeficiente de rigidez e carga máxima semelhantes nos três grupos. Nenhuma diferença clínica, anatomopatológica e biomecânica foi encontrada, resultando todas as fraturas em consolidação de acordo com os critérios adotados, concluindo-se, portanto, que a heparina sódica e a enoxaparina nas doses, via e tempo de administração utilizados não interfiriram na consolidação da fratura da tíbia do rato.

          Translated abstract

          An experimental study in rats was accomplished to evaluate the effect of anticoagulant on fracture union, according to clinical, anatomopathological, and biomechanical approaches. Manually, after bone perforation, fracture was produced in the diaphysis of the right tibia, and maintained without immobilization in 72 male rats of Wistar lineage, each 60 days in age with a medium weight of 242 grams. Twelve hours after the fracture, anticoagulant treatment was initiated, and maintained for 28 days. One group received subcutaneous heparin-sodium in a dose of 200 UI/kg every 12 hours, while another group received enoxaparin in a dose of 1mg/kg every 12 hours, doses preconized for treatment of thromboembolism in humans. The third group, the control, received distilled water. During the experiment, the animals were clinically evaluated and after 28 days, sacrificed. In the animals of the three groups, the clinical evolution was similar. By means of anatomopathological analysis made by descriptive and quantitative study, the presence of fibrosis, cartilage, and bone was homogeneous among in the three groups, always with a prevalence of osseous tissue. The biomechanical study, accomplished through a flexion test, demonstrated a stiffness rate and maximum load similar in the three groups. No clinical, anatomopathological, or biomechanical differences were found, resulting in consolidation of all the fractures in agreement with the adopted approaches, concluding that the heparin-sodium and the enoxaparin in these doses, method, and time of administration used did not interfere with the consolidation of tibia fracture in the rat.

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          The effect of anticoagulant therapy on bone repair.

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            Effects of warfarin on bone. Studies on the vitamin K-dependent protein of rat bone.

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              Effects on fracture healing of an antagonist of the vitamin K cycle.

              The anticoagulant, dicumarol, inhibits the vitamin K cycle by blocking the conversion of the vitamin K epoxide. The effects of dicumarol on ossification have been tested by feeding it to rats in which a closed fracture of the metatarsals had been induced; the effects were studied up to 12 days postfracture. At 12 days, treatment with dicumarol caused a highly significant decrease in the amount of bone produced, without affecting the total size of the callus. Quantitative cytochemistry of unfixed, undemineralized sections showed that dicumarol also markedly affected the periosteal activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and of alkaline phosphatase in the first 2 mm from the fracture measured at 3 and 5 days postfracture when normally, new bone is first formed. In contrast, dicumarol had little effect on these activities in the fully formed callus.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aob
                Acta Ortopédica Brasileira
                Acta ortop. bras.
                ATHA EDITORA (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1413-7852
                1809-4406
                2005
                : 13
                : 1
                : 13-16
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Cirurgia e Ortopedia
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Patologia
                [05] orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Bioestatística
                [06] orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Bioestatística
                [04] orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Bioestatística
                Article
                S1413-78522005000100003 S1413-7852(05)01300103
                f21fba08-f777-44a3-8744-daadd456cace

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 December 2004
                : 14 January 2004
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Fraturasda tíbia,Cicatrização de feridas,Ratos de cepas endogâmicas,Heparina,Heparina de baixo peso molecular,Biomecânica,Histologia,Tibia fractures,Wound healing,Rats, Inbred strains,Heparin,Low molecular weight heparin,Biomechanics,Histology

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