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      Smart drug delivery systems for precise cancer therapy

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          Abstract

          Nano-drug delivery strategies have been highlighted in cancer treatment, and much effort has been made in the optimization of bioavailability, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics profiles, and in vivo distributions of anticancer nano-drug delivery systems. However, problems still exist in the delicate balance between improved anticancer efficacy and reduced toxicity to normal tissues, and opportunities arise along with the development of smart stimuli-responsive delivery strategies. By on-demand responsiveness towards exogenous or endogenous stimulus, these smart delivery systems hold promise for advanced tumor-specificity as well as controllable release behavior in a spatial-temporal manner. Meanwhile, the blossom of nanotechnology, material sciences, and biomedical sciences has shed light on the diverse modern drug delivery systems with smart characteristics, versatile functions, and modification possibilities. This review summarizes the current progress in various strategies for smart drug delivery systems against malignancies and introduces the representative endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive smart delivery systems. It may provide references for researchers in the fields of drug delivery, biomaterials, and nanotechnology.

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          The development of smart drug delivery strategies and relevant drug delivery systems could provide solutions for the insufficient specificity and toxicity concerns in anticancer therapy.

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          Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery.

          Elvin Blanco, Haifa Shen, Mauro Ferrari (2015)
          Biological barriers to drug transport prevent successful accumulation of nanotherapeutics specifically at diseased sites, limiting efficacious responses in disease processes ranging from cancer to inflammation. Although substantial research efforts have aimed to incorporate multiple functionalities and moieties within the overall nanoparticle design, many of these strategies fail to adequately address these barriers. Obstacles, such as nonspecific distribution and inadequate accumulation of therapeutics, remain formidable challenges to drug developers. A reimagining of conventional nanoparticles is needed to successfully negotiate these impediments to drug delivery. Site-specific delivery of therapeutics will remain a distant reality unless nanocarrier design takes into account the majority, if not all, of the biological barriers that a particle encounters upon intravenous administration. By successively addressing each of these barriers, innovative design features can be rationally incorporated that will create a new generation of nanotherapeutics, realizing a paradigmatic shift in nanoparticle-based drug delivery.
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            Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities

            Jinjun Shi, Philip Kantoff, Richard Wooster … (2016)
            The intrinsic limits of conventional cancer therapies prompted the development and application of various nanotechnologies for more effective and safer cancer treatment, herein referred to as cancer nanomedicine. Considerable technological success has been achieved in this field, but the main obstacles to nanomedicine becoming a
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              Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery.

              Simona Mura, Julien Nicolas, Patrick Couvreur … (2014)
              Spurred by recent progress in materials chemistry and drug delivery, stimuli-responsive devices that deliver a drug in spatial-, temporal- and dosage-controlled fashions have become possible. Implementation of such devices requires the use of biocompatible materials that are susceptible to a specific physical incitement or that, in response to a specific stimulus, undergo a protonation, a hydrolytic cleavage or a (supra)molecular conformational change. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the design of nanoscale stimuli-responsive systems that are able to control drug biodistribution in response to specific stimuli, either exogenous (variations in temperature, magnetic field, ultrasound intensity, light or electric pulses) or endogenous (changes in pH, enzyme concentration or redox gradients).
              Article 0 comments Cited 849 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Chong Li
                Jiancheng Wang
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Acta Pharm Sin B
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Acta Pharm Sin B
                Title: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Print): 2211-3835
                ISSN (Electronic): 2211-3843
                Publication date PMC-release: 22 August 2022
                Publication date (Print): November 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 August 2022
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 11
                Pages: 4098-4121
                Affiliations
                [a ]College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
                [b ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
                [c ]School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
                [d ]Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
                [e ]Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
                [f ]Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
                [g ]CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
                [h ]School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 82805932 (Jiancheng Wang), +86 023 68251225 (Chong Li). chongli@ 123456swu.edu.cn wang-jc@ 123456bjmu.edu.cn
                [†]

                These authors made equal contributions to this work.

                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2211-3835(22)00364-1
                DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.013
                PMC ID: 9643298
                PubMed ID: 36386470
                SO-VID: f2d4ac5a-2d04-4ba8-8905-513312f9208c
                Copyright © © 2022 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 May 2022
                Date revision received : 25 July 2022
                Date accepted : 8 August 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: pharmaceutics,smart drug delivery system,stimuli-responsive,receptor-ligand-based delivery,nano-drug delivery systems,precise therapy,toxicity,cancer
                Data availability:
                Keywords: pharmaceutics, smart drug delivery system, stimuli-responsive, receptor-ligand-based delivery, nano-drug delivery systems, precise therapy, toxicity, cancer

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