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      First report of Eucoleus boehmi (syn. Capillaria boehmi) in dogs in north-western Italy, with scanning electron microscopy of the eggs Translated title: Premier rapport de Eucoleus boehmi (syn. Capillaria boehmi) chez les chiens du nord-ouest de l’Italie, avec analyse des oeufs au microscope à balayage

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          Abstract

          Dogs can be infected by several nematodes of the Trichuridae family. Trichuridae eggs are all similar, barrel shaped with polar plugs, and misdiagnosis among different species can occur. The most common species is Trichuris vulpis, while the respiratory parasites Eucoleus boehmi (syn. Capillaria boehmi) and Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) are rarely observed in pets. E. boehmi is reported for the first time in this study in north-western Italy with other Trichuridae. Dog faecal samples (270) were examined by flotation. E. boehmi (2.2%), E. aerophilus (4.4%) and T. vulpis (12.2%) were found; identification was done with measurements and through observation of morphological characters already known. The specific identification of E. boehmi was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy: its egg shell shows a dense network with a fine mesh, surrounding small pits, on the contrary E. aerophilus eggs present a thick mesh with wide depressions, while T. vulpis eggs surface is smooth.

          Translated abstract

          Les chiens peuvent être infectés par plusieurs nématodes de la famille des Trichuridae. Les oeufs de Trichuridae sont tous en forme de tonneau avec des bouchons polaires, et un diagnostic erroné parmi les différentes espèces peut survenir. L’espèce la plus commune est Trichuris vulpis, tandis que les parasites des voies respiratoires, Eucoleus boehmi (syn. Capillaria boehmi) et Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila), ne sont guère observés chez les animaux de compagnie. La présence de E. boehmi est rapportée pour la première fois dans cette étude dans le nord-ouest de l’Italie avec les autres Trichuridae. Des échantillons fécaux de chiens (270) ont été examinés par flottation. Les prévalences étaient de 2,2 % pour E. boehmi, de 4,4 % pour E. aerophilus et de 12,2 % pour T. vulpis. Les oeufs ont été identifiés par les mensurations et l’observation des caractères morphologiques déjà connus. L’identification spécifique de E. boehmi a été confirmée par microscopie électronique à balayage : la coque de l’oeuf a un réseau dense avec une maille fine, qui entoure de petites fosses, alors que les oeufs de E. aerophilus présentent une maille épaisse avec des dépressions larges, tandis que la surface des oeufs de T. vulpis est lisse.

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          PCR detection of Angiostrongylus vasorum in faecal samples of dogs and foxes.

          The cardiovascular nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum is spreading in the fox and dog populations of northern Europe. A. vasorum can result in severe clinical manifestations in dogs; therefore, specific diagnosis is crucial for assessing its prevalence. In the present study, faecal samples from foxes and domestic dogs were tested by a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the second internal transcribed region of the ribosomal DNA (ITS2) of A. vasorum. Initial isolation of faecal larvae by sieving facilitated the processing of larger sample volumes and allowed for the recovery of dead larvae from frozen samples. The sieve-PCR method enabled the identification of a single larva per 2 g of faecal sample and did not amplify DNA of a range of canine helminths, thus presenting a non-invasive tool for wildlife surveillance and for confirmative diagnosis in dogs.
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            Identification of a nasal nematode (Eucoleus boehmi) in greyhounds.

            Eggs of Eucoleus boehmi were recovered from the faeces of greyhounds from three breeding farms and four racetrack kennels and from those of four greyhounds submitted for necropsy. Diagnosis was dependent on differentiation of the eggs of E. boehmi, E. aerophilus and Trichuris vulpis. Quantitative fecal examinations conducted weekly for 24 weeks in one greyhound suggested that the egg shedding pattern of E. boehmi is cyclical. Nasal swabs failed to reveal eggs of E. boehmi, but nasal washings gave positive results. Because of its small size (15-40 mm) its location within the epithelial lining of the nasal mucosa, turbinates, and sinuses, and difficulty in differentiating the bipolar plugged eggs, E. boehmi probably occurs more often than is currently diagnosed.
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              Author and article information

              Journal
              Parasite
              Parasite
              parasite
              Parasite
              EDP Sciences
              1252-607X
              1776-1042
              November 2012
              15 November 2012
              : 19
              : 4 ( publisher-idID: parasite/2012/04 )
              : 433-435
              Affiliations
              [1 ] Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Profilassi e Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56127 Pisa Italia
              [2 ] Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italia
              Author notes
              [* ]Correspondence: Fabio Macchioni. Tel.: 39 050 2216951 – Fax: 39 050 2216941 E-mail: fmacchion@ 123456vet.unipi.it
              Article
              parasite2012194p433 10.1051/parasite/2012194433
              10.1051/parasite/2012194433
              3671462
              23193529
              f33e263e-7520-460a-b0b3-9116efeef253
              © PRINCEPS Editions, Paris, 2012

              This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

              History
              : 19 December 2011
              : 18 June 2012
              Page count
              Figures: 3, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 7, Pages: 3
              Categories
              Research Note

              dog,italy,sem,eucoleus boehmi,eucoleus aerophilus,trichuris vulpis,chien,italie,meb

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