Imad M. Tleyjeh: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Basema Saddik:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4682-5927
Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole:
Writing – review & editing
Nourah AlSwaidan:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-4952
Role: Data curationRole: Methodology
Ahmed AlAnazi: Role: Data curationRole: Methodology
Rakhee K. Ramakrishnan:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-3802
Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
Deema Alhazmi: Role: Data curationRole: Methodology
Ahmad Aloufi: Role: Data curationRole: Methodology
Fahad AlSumait:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-8147
Role: Data curationRole: Methodology
Elie Berbari: Role: Writing – review & editing
Rabih Halwani: Role: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Robert Jeenchen Chen: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
7
December
2021
Publication date Collection: 2021
Publication date PMC-release: 7
December
2021
Volume: 16
Issue: 12
Electronic Location Identifier: e0260568
Affiliations
[1
]
Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical
City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[2
]
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[3
]
Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester,
MN, United States of America
[4
]
Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester,
MN, United States of America
[5
]
College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
[6
]
Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab
Emirates
[7
]
Department of Medical Specialties, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
[8
]
Department of Pediatrics, Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair,
Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Surgery, UNITED STATES
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-21-22063
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260568
PMC ID: 8651136
PubMed ID: 34874962
SO-VID: f4753fae-b254-4fcd-9972-cac1e7355ec7
Copyright © © 2021 Tleyjeh et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Viral Diseases
Subject:
Covid 19
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Health Care Facilities
Subject:
Hospitals
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Proteins
Subject:
Interferons
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Endocrinology
Subject:
Endocrine Disorders
Subject:
Diabetes Mellitus
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Metabolic Disorders
Subject:
Diabetes Mellitus
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Clinical Medicine
Subject:
Signs and Symptoms
Subject:
Fatigue
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Chemical Elements
Subject:
Oxygen