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      Estado de salud periodontal en embarazadas Translated title: Status of periodontal health in pregnant women

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          Abstract

          Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 97 gestantes con enfermedad periodontal, atendidas en la Consulta Estomatológica del Hospital Docente "Ezequiel Miranda Díaz" del municipio de Julio Antonio Mella, desde octubre del 2009 hasta septiembre del 2010, para determinar el estado de salud del periodonto en estas, según algunas variables clinicoepidemiológicas. En la serie predominaron la anemia (36,1 %) y la hipertensión arterial crónica (22,7 %) como enfermedades asociadas, así como los estados de nutrición normopeso (45,3 %) y bajo peso (37,1 %) y el hábito de fumar (31,9 %). De manera general, la gingivitis constituyó la forma clínica sobresaliente, pues primó en 84,5 % de las embarazadas, sobre todo en aquellas con higiene bucal deficiente (61,8 %), lo cual mostró que la etapa de gravidez provoca una respuesta exagerada de los tejidos periodontales ante el daño y las alteraciones por agentes irritantes locales.

          Translated abstract

          A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 97 pregnant women with periodontal disease, attended at the dentist's office of «Ezequiel Miranda Díaz» Teaching Hospital in Julio Antonio Mella municipality, from October 2009 to September 2010, to determine the health status of periodontium in these women according to some clinical epidemiological variables. Anemia (36,1 %) and chronic hypertension (22,7 %) as associated diseases prevailed in the series, as well as normal weight nutritional statuses (45,3 %), low weight (37,1 %) and smoking habit (31,9 %). Overall, gingivitis was the marked clinical form, because it prevailed in 84,5 % of pregnant women, mainly in those with poor oral hygiene (61,8 %), which showed that the stage of pregnancy causes an exaggerated response of periodontal tissues to damage and alterations by local irritants.

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          Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

          Baha Sibai (2003)
          Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are common disorders during pregnancy, with the majority of cases developing at or near term. The development of mild hypertension or preeclampsia at or near term is associated with minimal maternal and neonatal morbidities. In contrast, the onset of severe gestational hypertension and/or severe preeclampsia before 35 weeks' gestation is associated with significant maternal and perinatal complications. Women with diagnosed gestational hypertension-preeclampsia require close evaluation of maternal and fetal conditions for the duration of pregnancy, and those with severe disease should be managed in-hospital. The decision between delivery and expectant management depends on fetal gestational age, fetal status, and severity of maternal condition at time of evaluation. Expectant management is possible in a select group of women with severe preeclampsia before 32 weeks' gestation. Steroids are effective in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity when administered to those with severe disease between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation. Magnesium sulfate should be used during labor and for at least 24 hours postpartum to prevent seizures in all women with severe disease. There is an urgent need to conduct randomized trials to determine the efficacy and safety of antihypertensive drugs in women with mild hypertension-preeclampsia. There is also a need to conduct a randomized trial to determine the benefits and risks of magnesium sulfate during labor and postpartum in women with mild preeclampsia.
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            Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Bidirectional relationship.

            Periodontitis is a common problem in patients with diabetes. The relationship between these 2 maladies appears bidirectional--insofar that the presence of one condition tends to promote the other, and that the meticulous management of either may assist treatment of the other. Both diabetes and periodontitis can stimulate the chronic release of proinflammatory cytokines that have a deleterious effect on periodontal tissues. The chronic systemic elevation of proinflammatory cytokines caused by periodontitis may even predispose individuals to the development of type 2 diabetes. Mechanical treatment of periodontitis (scaling and root planing), when combined with short-term administration of therapeutic levels of tetracycline-type antimicrobials, can temporarily improve glycemic control in diabetic patients, especially in those with advanced forms of periodontitis and poor glycemic control before treatment. The biochemical mechanisms suggested by these studies imply that other periodontal procedures designed to rid patients of periodontal pathogens may also improve the management of diabetes. Therefore, the authors suggest that periodontal patients with diabetes be treated in consultation with a periodontist (Figures 3a through 4b).
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              El embarazo: Su relación con la salud bucal

              Se abordan las transformaciones ocurridas en las gestantes que condicionan la aparición o desarrollo de enfermedades bucales. Variaciones en los niveles de hormonas sexuales femeninas, siliva, microorganismos, dieta, entre otros, constituyen factores que pueden incidir en el desarrollo de enfermedades bucales, que debemos tener en cuenta durante la gestación. El tejido dentario, los de soporte y sostén del diente, la mucosa bucal entre otros, son los más vulnerables a ser afectados por estos cambios, lo que repercute en la salud bucal.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                san
                MEDISAN
                MEDISAN
                Centro Provincial de Ciencias Médicas, Santiago de Cuba (Santiago de Cuba )
                1029-3019
                March 2012
                : 16
                : 3
                : 333-340
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Policlínico Docente Ramón López Peña Cuba
                [2 ] Hospital Provincial Ginecoobstétrico Mariana Grajales Coello Cuba
                [3 ] Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada Cuba
                Article
                S1029-30192012000300004
                f4c1436b-9f83-4578-b357-471627ddb5dd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1029-3019&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                pregnancy,gingivitis,periodontal disease,oral health status,dental care,primary health care,embarazo,enfermedad periodontal,estado salud bucal,atención odontológica,atención primaria de salud

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