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      Not so different after all? An event-related potential study on item and source memory for object-scene pairs in German and Chinese young adults

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          Abstract

          In recent years, several cross-cultural studies reported that Westerners focus more on central aspects of a scene (e.g., an object) relative to peripheral aspects (e.g., the background), whereas Easterners more evenly allocate attention to central and peripheral aspects. In memory tasks, Easterners exhibit worse recognition for the central object when peripheral aspects are changed, whereas Westerners are less affected by peripheral changes. However, most of these studies rely on hit rates without correcting for response bias, whereas studies accounting for response bias failed to replicate cultural differences in memory tasks. In this event-related potential (ERP) study, we investigated item and source memory for semantically unrelated object-scene pairs in German and Chinese young adults using memory measures corrected for response bias (i.e., the discrimination index Pr). Both groups completed study-test cycles with either item memory tests or source memory tests. In item memory blocks, participants completed an old/new recognition test for the central object. Source memory blocks entailed an associative recognition test for the association between object and background. Item and source memory were better for intact than for recombined pairs. However, as verified with frequentist and Bayesian analyzes, this context effect was not modulated by culture. The ERP results revealed an old/new effect for the item memory task in both groups which was again not modulated by culture. Our findings suggest that cultural differences in young adults do not manifest in intentional memory tasks probing memory for object-scene pairs without semantic relations when using bias-corrected memory measures.

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          The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory

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            Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis.

            Progress in science often comes from discovering invariances in relationships among variables; these invariances often correspond to null hypotheses. As is commonly known, it is not possible to state evidence for the null hypothesis in conventional significance testing. Here we highlight a Bayes factor alternative to the conventional t test that will allow researchers to express preference for either the null hypothesis or the alternative. The Bayes factor has a natural and straightforward interpretation, is based on reasonable assumptions, and has better properties than other methods of inference that have been advocated in the psychological literature. To facilitate use of the Bayes factor, we provide an easy-to-use, Web-based program that performs the necessary calculations.
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              The Measurement of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals

              T Singelis (1994)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Hum Neurosci
                Front Hum Neurosci
                Front. Hum. Neurosci.
                Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1662-5161
                13 September 2023
                2023
                : 17
                : 1233594
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychology, Saarland University , Saarbrücken, Germany
                [2] 2Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
                [3] 3Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Erich Schröger, Leipzig University, Germany

                Reviewed by: Aiqing Nie, Zhejiang University, China; Valerio Santangelo, University of Perugia, Italy

                *Correspondence: Axel Mecklinger, mecklinger@ 123456mx.uni-saarland.de
                Article
                10.3389/fnhum.2023.1233594
                10525332
                37771351
                f580f08a-5741-4b1f-b4ce-c8cffa76e7c9
                Copyright © 2023 Weigl, Shao, Wang, Zheng, Li, Kray and Mecklinger.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 02 June 2023
                : 21 August 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 11, Equations: 0, References: 67, Pages: 17, Words: 14170
                Funding
                Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), doi 10.13039/501100001659;
                Award ID: ME 1588/12-1
                Funded by: Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, doi 10.13039/501100004739;
                Award ID: 2020089
                Categories
                Human Neuroscience
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                Cognitive Neuroscience

                Neurosciences
                culture,item memory,source memory,erp,old/new effect
                Neurosciences
                culture, item memory, source memory, erp, old/new effect

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