Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest

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Abstract

The aim of this work is to provide a critical review of plant furanocoumarins from different points of view, including their chemistry and biosynthetic pathways to their extraction, analysis, and synthesis, to the main biological activities found for these active compounds, in order to highlight their potential within pharmaceutical science. The limits and the possible improvements needed for research involving these molecules are also highlighted and discussed.

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Flavonoid composition of Citrus juices.

Giuseppe Gattuso, Davide Barreca, Claudia Gargiulli … (2007)

In the early nineties the presence of flavonoids in Citrus juices began to attract the attention of a number of researchers, as a result of their biological and physiological importance. This short review will explore two different aspects. The first part will focus on analytical techniques for the characterization of juices from different Citrus fruits regarding their flavonoid content (even if present in only trace amounts), concentrating on the most widely used methods (LC-MS and LC-MS-MS). The second part analyzes data reported in the literature regarding the composition of Citrus juices. The main components that have been detected so far are flavanone-O-glycosides and flavone-O- or -C-glycosides. The presence of such derivatives in various hand-squeezed and industrial juices is discussed, with special emphasis on their correlation to different species.

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Flavanones: Citrus phytochemical with health-promoting properties.

Davide Barreca, Giuseppe Gattuso, Ersilia Bellocco … (2017)

Citrus fruit and juices represent one of the main sources of compounds with a high potential for health promoting properties. Among these compounds, flavanones (such as hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, isosakuranetin, and their respective glycosides), which occur in quantities ranging from ∼180 to 740 mg/L (depending on the Citrus species and cultivar) are responsible for many biological activities. These compounds support and enhance the body's defenses against oxidative stress and help the organism in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Moreover, among other properties, they also show anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities. This review analyzes the biochemistry, pharmacology, and biology of Citrus flavanones, emphasizing the occurrence in Citrus fruits and juices and their bioavailability, structure-function correlations and ability to modulate signal cascades both in vitro and in vivo. © 2017 BioFactors, 2017.

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Regulation of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor, Runx2: responsiveness to multiple signal transduction pathways.

Guozhi Xiao, Renny Franceschi (2003)

The Cbfa1/Runx2 is an important transcription factor necessary for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. However, the signaling pathways regulating Runx2 activity are just beginning to be understood. Inconsistencies between Runx2 mRNA or protein levels and its transcriptional activity suggests that posttranslational modification and/or protein-protein interactions may regulate this factor. Runx2 can be phosphorylated and activated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This pathway can be stimulated by a variety of signals including those initiated by extracellular matrix (ECM), osteogenic growth factors like bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), mechanical loading and hormones such as parathyroid hormone (PTH). Protein kinase A (PKA) may also phosphorylate/activate Runx2 under certain conditions. In addition, Runx2 activity is enhanced by protein-protein interactions as are seen with PTH-induced Runx2/AP-1 and BMP-mediated Runx2/Smads interactions. Mechanisms for interaction with Runx2 are complex including binding of distinct components such as AP-1 factors and Smads proteins to separate DNA regions in target gene promoters and direct physical interactions between Runx2 and AP-1/Smad factors. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation may influence interactions between Runx2 and other nuclear factors. These findings suggest that Runx2 plays a central role in coordinating multiple signals involved in osteoblast differentiation. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules

Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules

Title: Molecules

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049

Publication date (Electronic): 08 June 2019

Publication date Collection: June 2019

Volume: 24

Issue: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 2163

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; renato.bruni@ 123456unipr.it (R.B.); laura.righetti@ 123456unipr.it (L.R.)

[2 ]Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; dbarreca@ 123456unime.it (D.B.); ggattuso@ 123456unime.it (G.G.)

[3 ]Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; michele.protti2@ 123456unibo.it (M.P.); laura.mercolini@ 123456unibo.it (L.M.)

[4 ]Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; virginia.brighenti@ 123456unimore.it (V.B.); lisa.anceschi@ 123456gmail.com (L.A.); stefania.benvenuti@ 123456unimore.it (S.B.)

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: federica.pellati@ 123456unimore.it ; Tel.: +39-059-205-8565

Author information

Renato Bruni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-8722

Davide Barreca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-4069

Michele Protti https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-4957

Laura Righetti https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-0665

Laura Mercolini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-9461

Giuseppe Gattuso https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-7384

Federica Pellati https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-6862

Article

Publisher ID: molecules-24-02163

DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112163

PMC ID: 6600687

PubMed ID: 31181737

SO-VID: f5c39f37-c66e-470e-9dd0-74b893bfb37d

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest

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Most cited references 143

Flavonoid composition of Citrus juices.

Flavanones: Citrus phytochemical with health-promoting properties.

Regulation of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor, Runx2: responsiveness to multiple signal transduction pathways.

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