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      Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen – Update 2021 Translated title: Sleep-disordered breathing—Update 2021

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen (SBAS) und andere Schlafstörungen sind sehr häufige Erkrankungen, die zu erheblichen Einbußen hinsichtlich der Lebensqualität, Arbeitsfähigkeit und Prognose beitragen können.

          Fragestellung

          Welche neuen Erkenntnisse gab es in der Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin zwischen November 2019 und Oktober 2021, die die Versorgung von Patienten mit SBAS maßgeblich beeinflussen?

          Material und Methoden

          Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche im Zeitraum November 2019 bis Oktober 2021 und eine Auswahl der relevantesten Artikel durchgeführt.

          Ergebnisse

          Die für die Versorgung von Patienten mit SBAS relevantesten Ergebnisse waren: 1) Eine Therapie mit Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) kann zwar bei Patienten mit SBAS den arteriellen Blutdruck senken, führt aber bei a‑ oder oligosymptomatischen Patienten und SBAS zu keiner Reduktion des Risikos für Myokardinfarkt oder Schlaganfall. 2) Nachdem in den letzten Jahren die Wirksamkeit der Unterkieferprotrusionsschienen (UKPS) bei ausgewählten Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA) gezeigt wurde, sind UKPS seit 2021 als Secondline-Therapie nach CPAP auch erstattungsfähig. 3) Solriamfetol und Pitolisant wurden durch die Europäische Arzneimittelbehörde (EMA) für die Indikation der residualen Tagesschläfrigkeit bei Patienten mit OSA zugelassen. 4) Telemedizinische Verfahren können in der Langzeitbetreuung von Patienten mit SBAS hilfreich sein.

          Schlussfolgerungen

          Die diskutierten Studien liefern für die Versorgung von Patienten mit SBAS relevante Ergebnisse.

          Translated abstract

          Background

          Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and other sleep disorders are very common conditions that can contribute to significant losses in quality of life, ability to work, and prognosis.

          Objectives

          What were the new findings in sleep and respiratory medicine between November 2019 and October 2021 that significantly impact the care of patients with SDB?

          Methods

          A systematic literature search was conducted between November 2019 and October 2021 and the most relevant articles were selected.

          Results

          The most relevant findings for the care of patients with SDB were: 1) Continuos positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy may reduce arterial blood pressure in patients with SDB, but does not reduce the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke in asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic patients with SDB. 2) After it was shown in recent years that in selected patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are effective treatment options, MADs have also been reimbursable as second-line therapy after CPAP since 2021. 3) Solriamfetol and pitolisant have been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the indication of residual daytime sleepiness in patients with OSA. 4) Telemedicine techniques may be helpful in the long-term management of patients with SDB.

          Conclusions

          The studies discussed provide relevant results for the care of patients with SDB.

          Related collections

          Most cited references46

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          European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia

          This European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia was developed by a task force of the European Sleep Research Society, with the aim of providing clinical recommendations for the management of adult patients with insomnia. The guideline is based on a systematic review of relevant meta-analyses published till June 2016. The target audience for this guideline includes all clinicians involved in the management of insomnia, and the target patient population includes adults with chronic insomnia disorder. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system was used to grade the evidence and guide recommendations. The diagnostic procedure for insomnia, and its co-morbidities, should include a clinical interview consisting of a sleep history (sleep habits, sleep environment, work schedules, circadian factors), the use of sleep questionnaires and sleep diaries, questions about somatic and mental health, a physical examination and additional measures if indicated (i.e. blood tests, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram; strong recommendation, moderate- to high-quality evidence). Polysomnography can be used to evaluate other sleep disorders if suspected (i.e. periodic limb movement disorder, sleep-related breathing disorders), in treatment-resistant insomnia, for professional at-risk populations and when substantial sleep state misperception is suspected (strong recommendation, high-quality evidence). Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is recommended as the first-line treatment for chronic insomnia in adults of any age (strong recommendation, high-quality evidence). A pharmacological intervention can be offered if cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is not sufficiently effective or not available. Benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine receptor agonists and some antidepressants are effective in the short-term treatment of insomnia (≤4 weeks; weak recommendation, moderate-quality evidence). Antihistamines, antipsychotics, melatonin and phytotherapeutics are not recommended for insomnia treatment (strong to weak recommendations, low- to very-low-quality evidence). Light therapy and exercise need to be further evaluated to judge their usefulness in the treatment of insomnia (weak recommendation, low-quality evidence). Complementary and alternative treatments (e.g. homeopathy, acupuncture) are not recommended for insomnia treatment (weak recommendation, very-low-quality evidence).
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            CPAP for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

            Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events; whether treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prevents major cardiovascular events is uncertain.
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              Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review

              Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 17% of women and 34% of men in the US and has a similar prevalence in other countries. This review provides an update on the diagnosis and treatment of OSA.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                michael.arzt@ukr.de
                Journal
                Somnologie (Berl)
                Somnologie (Berl)
                Somnologie
                Springer Medizin (Heidelberg )
                1432-9123
                1439-054X
                5 April 2022
                : 1-14
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.411941.8, ISNI 0000 0000 9194 7179, Centre of Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, , University Hospital Regensburg, ; Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Deutschland
                Article
                344
                10.1007/s11818-022-00344-w
                8981185
                35401046
                f7dd1232-9e88-4794-9a09-b6a2aa98fbc8
                © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2022

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 24 January 2022
                Categories
                Übersichten

                obstruktive schlafapnoe,positivdrucktherapie,unterkieferprotrusionsschiene,schläfrigkeit,telemedizin,obstructive sleep apnea,positive pressure therapy,mandibular advancement devices,sleepiness,telemedicine

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