Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward Methamphetamine Abuse among Youth and its Risk Factors in Saudi Arabia

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A BSTRACT

Objective:

The present study aimed to conduct an assessment of parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward methamphetamine “shabu” abuse among youth and its risk factors

Materials and Methods:

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 1179 parents. Parents were assured that questionnaire content would stay classified and was given anonymously. It had 20 demographic, drug use, and addiction treatment questions. Statistical Package for Social Sciences v. 24 and Chi-Square test were used to examine the data after evaluating and coding it.

Results:

Out of a total of 1179 participants, only 11% had not heard about shabu, about 38% did not know the main symptoms of crystal addiction, and 46% did not know the long side effects of crystal addiction. The majority of participants mentioned that shabu is available in powder format (57%) or liquid (13%), while 27% did not know its form. Most of the participants (97%) think that the drug of shabu or crystal or ice is dangerous; about 60% of participants mentioned that there is an addict in the family

Conclusion:

Parents have good knowledge levels regarding different aspects of methamphetamine or shabu abuse, symptoms, and its risk factors. Further in-depth studies are needed at whole Saudi Arabia.

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Most cited references 16

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Prevention, early intervention, harm reduction, and treatment of substance use in young people.

Emily Stockings, Wayne D. Hall, Michael Thomas Lynskey … (2016)

We did a systematic review of reviews with evidence on the effectiveness of prevention, early intervention, harm reduction, and treatment of problem use in young people for tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs (eg, cannabis, opioids, amphetamines, or cocaine). Taxation, public consumption bans, advertising restrictions, and minimum legal age are effective measures to reduce alcohol and tobacco use, but are not available to target illicit drugs. Interpretation of the available evidence for school-based prevention is affected by methodological issues; interventions that incorporate skills training are more likely to be effective than information provision-which is ineffective. Social norms and brief interventions to reduce substance use in young people do not have strong evidence of effectiveness. Roadside drug testing and interventions to reduce injection-related harms have a moderate-to-large effect, but additional research with young people is needed. Scarce availability of research on interventions for problematic substance use in young people indicates the need to test interventions that are effective with adults in young people. Existing evidence is from high-income countries, with uncertain applicability in other countries and cultures and in subpopulations differing in sex, age, and risk status. Concerted efforts are needed to increase the evidence base on interventions that aim to reduce the high burden of substance use in young people.

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Interventions for Adolescent Substance Abuse: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Jai K Das, Rehana Salam, Ahmed Arshad … (2016)

Many unhealthy behaviors often begin during adolescence and represent major public health challenges. Substance abuse has a major impact on individuals, families, and communities, as its effects are cumulative, contributing to costly social, physical, and mental health problems. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent substance abuse among adolescents. We report findings from a total of 46 systematic reviews focusing on interventions for smoking/tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, and combined substance abuse. Our overview findings suggest that among smoking/tobacco interventions, school-based prevention programs and family-based intensive interventions typically addressing family functioning are effective in reducing smoking. Mass media campaigns are also effective given that these were of reasonable intensity over extensive periods of time. Among interventions for alcohol use, school-based alcohol prevention interventions have been associated with reduced frequency of drinking, while family-based interventions have a small but persistent effect on alcohol misuse among adolescents. For drug abuse, school-based interventions based on a combination of social competence and social influence approaches have shown protective effects against drugs and cannabis use. Among the interventions targeting combined substance abuse, school-based primary prevention programs are effective. Evidence from Internet-based interventions, policy initiatives, and incentives appears to be mixed and needs further research. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of specific interventions components with standardized intervention and outcome measures. Various delivery platforms, including digital platforms and policy initiative, have the potential to improve substance abuse outcomes among adolescents; however, these require further research.

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Methamphetamine abuse.

Katherine Pehl, K. J. Voorhees, T Winslow (2007)

Methamphetamine is a stimulant commonly abused in many parts of the United States. Most methamphetamine users are white men 18 to 25 years of age, but the highest usage rates have been found in native Hawaiians, persons of more than one race, Native Americans, and men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine use produces a rapid, pleasurable rush followed by euphoria, heightened attention, and increased energy. Possible adverse effects include myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, cardiomyopathy, psychosis, and death. Chronic methamphetamine use is associated with neurologic and psychiatric symptoms and changes in physical appearance. High-risk sexual activity and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus are also associated with methamphetamine use. Use of methamphetamine in women who are pregnant can cause placental abruption, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm birth, and there can be adverse consequences in children exposed to the drug. Treatment of methamphetamine intoxication is primarily supportive. Treatment of methamphetamine abuse is behavioral; cognitive behavior therapy, contingency management, and the Matrix Model may be effective. Pharmacologic treatments are under investigation.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Pharm Bioallied Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Pharm Bioallied Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JPBS

Journal ID (publisher-id): J Pharm Bioall Sci

Title: Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences

Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )

ISSN (Print): 0976-4879

ISSN (Electronic): 0975-7406

Publication date (Print): February 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 05 January 2024

Volume: 16

Issue: Suppl 1

Pages: S753-S756

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

[2 ]Department of Chemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

[3 ]College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia

[4 ]Faculty of Medicine, University MAHSA, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Amaal A. Ibrahiem, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: Amaal.26@ 123456hotmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: JPBS-16-753

DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_996_23

PMC ID: 11000875

PubMed ID: 38595546

SO-VID: f8305ca2-706c-43e6-8992-bc9e8229ef82

License:

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

History

Date received : 04 October 2023

Date revision received : 15 October 2023

Date accepted : 22 October 2023

Parents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices toward Methamphetamine Abuse among Youth and its Risk Factors in Saudi Arabia

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A BSTRACT

Objective:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Neuropharmacology and Therapy

Most cited references 16

Prevention, early intervention, harm reduction, and treatment of substance use in young people.

Interventions for Adolescent Substance Abuse: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Methamphetamine abuse.

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