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      Eine Pilotstudie zur Spezifität der Körperbildstörung für Anorexia nervosa

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          Abstract

          Fragestellung: Die Körperbildstörung (KBS) gilt als Kernmerkmal der Anorexia nervosa (AN). Jedoch werden Hinweise auf körperbildbezogene Störungen u. a. bei an Mukoviszidose (Cystische Fibrose, CF) erkrankten, oftmals untergewichtigen, Patientinnen gefunden. Die Pilotstudie soll zur Klärung der Spezifität der KBS für AN beitragen. Methodik: Es wurden 22 Patientinnen mit AN, 10 Patientinnen mit CF sowie 23 Kontrollprobandinnen hinsichtlich der perzeptiven und kognitiv-affektiven Komponente der KBS untersucht sowie essstörungsrelevante Psychopathologie erfasst. Ergebnisse: Sämtliche Patientinnen mit AN sowie drei Patientinnen mit CF zeigten im Expertenurteil eine KBS. Patientinnen mit CF nahmen sich signifikant dünner wahr als Kontrollprobandinnen. Während Kontrollprobandinnen eine höhere Körperzufriedenheit als Patientinnen mit CF aufwiesen, ergaben sich diesbezüglich keine Unterschiede zwischen den Patientengruppen. Hinsichtlich essstörungsspezifischer Psychopathologie unterschieden sich die Patientengruppen im Schlankheitsstreben, der Unzufriedenheit mit dem Körper und der Unsicherheit in der Wahrnehmung der Gefühle mit höherer Symptomausprägung bei Patientinnen mit AN. Schlussfolgerungen: Unsere Ergebnisse liefern keine Hinweise auf schwerwiegende Auffälligkeiten im Körperbild bei Patientinnen mit CF. Vielmehr ist eine allgemeine Körperunzufriedenheit zu verzeichnen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorliegen des Untergewichts interpretiert werden kann. Die KBS kann weiterhin als zentrales Diagnosekriterium der AN angesehen werden und sollte im Rahmen therapeutischer Interventionen eine besondere Bedeutung beigemessen werden.

          A pilot study on the specificity of body image disturbance in anorexia nervosa

          Objective: Body image disturbance (BID) is a central feature of anorexia nervosa (AN), but evidence for bodily-related disorders also exists for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), who are frequently underweight. A comparison of BID in patients with AN, CF and controls serves to clarify the specificity of BID for AN. Method: 22 patients with AN, 10 patients with CF, and 23 controls were tested with regard to perceptual and cognitive-affective components of BID. Further data concerning eating-disorder-related psychopathology were assessed. Results: BID occurred in all patients with AN. Patients with CF perceived themselves as thinner than the controls did, and three of them exhibited BID. Patients with AN and CF did not differ regarding body satisfaction, and only controls showed higher satisfaction than patients with CF. Patients with AN and CF differed on desire for thinness, dissatisfaction with their body, and interoceptive awareness, with higher scores occurring in patients with AN. Conclusions: Our pilot study reveals no severe psychopathology concerning body image in patients with CF. However, we did observe a general body dissatisfaction among these patients, probably associated with their being underweight. BID still seems to be a central diagnostic criterion for AN and should be carefully considered during therapeutic interventions.

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          Most cited references31

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          Body figure perceptions and preferences among preadolescent children

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            The structured interview for anorexic and bulimic disorders for DSM-IV and ICD-10 (SIAB-EX): reliability and validity.

            For reliable and valid assessment and diagnostic categorization of eating disorders, self-report measures have considerable limitations. A semi-structured interview - the SIAB-EX - was developed for a more reliable and valid assessment of eating disorders. One study (videotapes of 31 inpatients, seven raters) was made to establish inter-rater reliability; in another study with 80 patients the SIAB-EX was compared to another semi-structured interview designed for comparable purposes (EDE). In a third study data was obtained on 377 eating disorder patients seeking treatment to explore discriminant and convergent (construct) validity using the following self-rating scales: EDI, TFEQ, SCL-90, BDI, and the PERI Demoralization Scale. Inter-rater reliability of dichotomous ratings was good with mean kappa values of.81 (current) and.85 (past). Comparison of the SIAB-EX with the EDE generally showed quite similar results and higher intercorrelation of the total scale (.77). There are, however, a number of differences between the two scales, which are discussed in detail. Construct validity of the SIAB-EX was established. Inter-rater reliability was good. Convergent and discriminant (construct) validity of the SIAB-EX was demonstrated. The constructs assessed by the SIAB and its subscales and items are discussed in the context of their correlations with other well-known scales.
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              Accuracy of body size estimation: Role of biopsychosocial variables.

              This study evaluated factors related to the perceptual disturbances of body image. Using a digital body image computer program, 191 participants (107 women, 82 men) adjusted an image of their body to the perceived actual size at five body regions; chest, waist, hips, thighs and calves. A neutral object (a vase) was also adjusted to partial out the level of perceptual distortion present with a neutral object. Men and women overestimated the size of the neutral object and their body image. Among women, overestimation was primarily predicted by high levels of depression, and media and peer influences to be thinner and increase muscles. Among men, overestimation was predicted by high BMI, media influences to lose weight and increase muscles, and peer influences to increase muscles. These findings suggest that perceptual accuracy of body image is primarily predicted by biopsychosocial influences.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                kij
                Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                1422-4917
                1664-2880
                January 2015
                : 43
                : 1
                : 57-67
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
                [ 2 ] Institute for Health and Behaviour, INSIDE, University of Luxembourg
                [ 3 ] Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
                [ 4 ] Klinik für Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie/Immunologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
                Author notes
                Lea Sarrar, Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Deutschland lea.sarrar@ 123456charite.de
                Article
                kij_43_1_57
                10.1024/1422-4917/a000333
                25536897
                f9cdce09-4e4f-4fb9-844e-815b33b9a41a
                Copyright @ 2015
                History
                : November 6, 2013
                : Juli 31, 2014
                Categories
                Originalarbeiten/Original articles

                Pediatrics,Psychology,Family & Child studies,Development studies,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                body image disturbance,Anorexia nervosa,cystic fibrosis,adolescence,anorexia nervosa,Cystische Fibrose,Körperbildstörung,Adoleszenz

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